▪ Abstract  The performance of the oxide-ion electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is critical to the development of an intermediate-temperature system. Although yttria-stabilized zirconia is the electrolyte used in SOFCs under commercial development, other candidate materials are now available, and there remains a strong motivation to search for new, improved oxide-ion electrolytes. The leading contenders are discussed not only with respect to their oxide-ion conductivity, but also with respect to mechanical and chemical compatibility with the electrodes and the working environment at each electrode.