▪ Abstract  The modification of proteins by chains of ubiquitin has long been known to mediate targeting of cytosolic and nuclear proteins for degradation by proteasomes. In this article, we discuss recent developments ...

▪ Abstract  A growing number of cellular regulatory mechanisms are being linked to protein modification by the polypeptide ubiquitin. These include key transitions in the cell cycle, class I antigen processing, signal ...

Ubiquitin (Ub)-protein conjugation represents a novel means of posttranscriptional modification in a proteolysis-dependent or -independent manner. E3 Ub ligases play a key role in governing the cascade of Ub transfer ...

▪ Abstract  This review discusses three main topics: evolution to the ultra-compact (UC) state; the properties of UC HII regions and their environments; and UC HII regions as probes of Galactic structure. The evolution to ...

▪ Abstract  Time-resolved infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy elucidates molecular structure evolution during ultrafast chemical reactions. Following vibrational marker modes in real time provides direct insight into the ...

▪ Abstract  Recent progress in combining the techniques of time-resolved molecular spectroscopy with shock compression science is reviewed. Shock wave spectroscopy probes the response of molecules to high-speed, large-amplitude ...