▪ Abstract  Many unusual features of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) can be explained as historical legacy. Developmental specializations in ancestral coccoids resulted in a neotenous adult female and a drastic ...

▪ Abstract  For those arthropod species adapted for living below the soil surface, the soil is a refuge from the biotic and abiotic perturbations existing above ground. Convergent morphological, physiological, and behavioral ...