Silicosis, a major occupational disease in Sweden for a long time, has been systematically recorded since the early 1930's. After the second World War the medical findings have gradually been supplemented by dust measurements and systematic preventive measures of a technical nature. Particularly dusty working environments, mining, potteries, iron and steel plants have been target areas.In the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register all reported cases, about 5000, are stored. At the end of the century the number of living workers with silicosis is estimated to be about 1000, and the disease might be eradicated by the years 2030–2040.Technical preventive measures, which have proved to be very successful, have been based on systematic strategies. Specifications have been elaborated for relevant risky parts of the production system, cost efficiency calculations have been made for maintenance and control measures. The cost benefit calculations are now based on the life cycle costs for whole production systems and include benefits in health and safety.This very extensive medical-technical material is briefly reviewed.