| Автор | Gammon, Derek W |
| Автор | Chandrasekaran, Appavu |
| Автор | ElNaggar, Shaaban F |
| Дата выпуска | 2012 |
| ISBN | 978-1-84973-191-1 |
| dc.description | Pyrethroid insecticides are toxic to insects and mammals through effects on ion channels in the nervous system, with probable additional sites in muscle. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) have been studied most extensively as target sites and there is evidence for two toxicity syndromes (types I and II), associated with different effects on VGSCs, based on the absence or presence of a cyano group in the alcohol moiety. Pyrethroids also have agonist effects on voltage-gated calcium channel subtype(s), which tend to show type I/II differences. There is also evidence for antagonist effects of type II pyrethroids on voltage and GABA-gated chloride channels. Correlations have been made between some ion channel effects and motor activity reductions and effects on the acoustic startle response in the rat. The former is non-specific for type I and II structures but the latter provides some evidence of separation of type I and II. Metabolic transformation of pyrethroids in mammals explains some of the relatively low toxicity of these insecticides in mammals versus insects. Pyrethroids are neurotoxic as the parent; oxidative and hydrolytic metabolites are considered to have little or no toxicity. A wide range of metabolic stability for commercial pyrethroids has been shown. The clinical signs of neurotoxicity following oral gavage dosing in rodents generally correlate with peak blood/plasma concentrations. Similarly, reversibility of neurotoxicity after oral gavage dosing usually occurs within 24h and correlates with large decreases in blood/plasma concentrations. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| Название | Chapter 5. Comparative Metabolism and Toxicology of Pyrethroids in Mammals |
| Тип | other |
| DOI | 10.1039/9781849733007-00137 |
| Print ISSN | 1757-7179 |
| Журнал | Mammalian Toxicology of Insecticides |
| Первая страница | 137 |
| Последняя страница | 183 |
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