The use of an infrared imaging technique for the visualisation of hydrocarbon gases and vapours has been demonstrated. The theoretical background of the method is discussed, as are some general instrumentation requirements. Laboratory investigations of the approach have been carried out with commercial infrared thermography equipment to examine sensitivity to different hydrocarbons. The studies have also clarified the requirements of and the potential for an instrument development programme. The potential of image processing techniques for the improvement of instrument sensitivity and image quality has also been examined.