| Автор | A T Al-Kinani |
| Автор | I A Harris |
| Автор | D E Watt |
| Дата выпуска | 1984-02-01 |
| dc.description | In an investigation of the role of trace elements in gallstone formation and of minor and trace elements in gallstone and bile, samples from five patients were analysed using three different techniques for cross-verification: NAA, PIXE, and XRF. In addition, certified standards of bovine liver and oyster tissue from the NBS, Washington, were re-analysed using the different techniques to conform the accuracy of the experimental procedures. NAA of five gallstones was used for the quantitative analysis of 19 elements with Z>11. The concentrations of Cl, K+Ca, Mn, Fe and Cu+Zn were determined by PIXE and those of Mg, P, S, K and Ca by XRE. In most cases the concentrations were in the range of a few PPB to a few hundred PPM. The spatial distribution of the component elements was obtained using XRF with a scanning electron microscope and the results demonstrated that calcium was present centrally in all the stones. The analysis of gallbladder bile from four patients showed that the calcium and other elements play an important role in stone formation. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the calcium salts were present in gallstones in three compound forms: calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and calcium bilirubinate. Reasons for the cause of calcium precipitation are discussed. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Institute of Physics Publishing |
| Название | Analysis of minor and trace elements in gallstones by induction of characteristic ionising radiation |
| Тип | paper |
| DOI | 10.1088/0031-9155/29/2/012 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1361-6560 |
| Print ISSN | 0031-9155 |
| Журнал | Physics in Medicine and Biology |
| Том | 29 |
| Первая страница | 175 |
| Последняя страница | 184 |
| Аффилиация | A T Al-Kinani; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, UK |
| Аффилиация | I A Harris; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, UK |
| Аффилиация | D E Watt; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, UK |
| Выпуск | 2 |
