Nonadiabatic energy limit versus mirror ratio in magnetic-well geometry
J H Foote; J H Foote; Univ. California, Livermore, CA, USA
Журнал:
Plasma Physics
Дата:
1972-05-01
Аннотация:
The energy at which ions trapped in a static quadrupole magnetic well begin to exhibit nonadiabatic behaviour in their single-particle motion has been determined for mirror ratios from 1.4 to 8.1. The analyzed data are derived partly from digital-computer orbit calculations and partly from experiment. These data are fitted well, for mirror ratio >or=1.6, by the equation (obtained from simple theoretical considerations and approximations) W<sub>max</sub> (keV)=((8.5*10<sup>-4</sup>)(Z<sup>2</sup>/A)(B<sub>M</sub>L)<sup>2</sup>)/(R(R-1)<sup>3</sup>), where L<sup>-2</sup>=l<sub>z</sub><sup>-2</sup>+l<sub>r</sub><sup>-2</sup>(R-1)<sup>-1</sup>. The effective mirror ratio, R, is B<sub>M</sub> divided by the magnetic field at the centre of the well. The parameters l<sub>z</sub> and l<sub>r</sub> are the distances (in centimeters) from the centre to the B<sub>M</sub> constant-magnetic-field contour, along and perpendicular to the magnetic axis, respectively. The investigated particles either reflect at closed contours of constant magnetic-field magnitude or are constrained by the field lines to reflect in regions where the contours approximate sections of closed magnetic-field surfaces. The calculated trajectories pass through the central region of the well and represent the first trapped particles in a closed-contour system to become nonadiabatic as the energy is increased. The fitted data extend over a range of almost 2000 in energy, a factor of 6 in l<sub>z</sub>, and from 1.5 to 3.2 in the ratio l<sub>z</sub>/l<sub>r</sub>.
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