Elliptic islands appearing in near-ergodic flows
Dmitry Turaev; Vered Rom-Kedar; Dmitry Turaev; The Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Vered Rom-Kedar; The Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
Журнал:
Nonlinearity
Дата:
1998-05-01
Аннотация:
It is proved that periodic and homoclinic trajectories which are tangent to the boundary of any scattering (ergodic) billiard produce elliptic islands in the `nearby' Hamiltonian flows i.e. in a family of two-degrees-of-freedom smooth Hamiltonian flows which converge to the singular billiard flow smoothly where the billiard flow is smooth and continuously where it is continuous. Such Hamiltonians exist; indeed, sufficient conditions are supplied, and thus it is proved that a large class of smooth Hamiltonians converges to billiard flows in this manner. These results imply that ergodicity may be lost in the physical setting, where smooth Hamiltonians which are arbitrarily close to the ergodic billiards, arise.
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