100% noninductive operation at high beta using off-axis ECCD in DIII-D
Murakami, M.; Greenfield, C.M.; Wade, M.R.; Luce, T.C.; Ferron, J.R.; St John, H.E.; Makowski, M.A.; Austin, M.E.; Allen, S.L.; Brennan, D.P.; Burrell, K.H.; Casper, T.A.; DeBoo, J.C.; Doyle, E.J.; Garofalo, A.M.; Gohil, P.; Gorelov, I.A.; Groebner, R.J.; Hobirk, J.; Hyatt, A.W.; Jayakumar, R.J.; Kajiwara, K.; Kessel, C.E.; Kinsey, J.E.; La Haye, R.J.; Kim, J.Y.; Lao, L.L.; Lohr, J.; Menard, J.E.; Petty, C.C.; Petrie, T.W.; Pinsker, R.I.; Politzer, P.A.; Prater, R.; Rhodes, T.L.; Sips, A.C.C.; Staebler, G.M.; Taylor, T.S.; Wang, G.; West, W.P.; Zeng, L.; Murakami, M.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Wade, M.R.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Makowski, M.A.; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Austin, M.E.; Fusion Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Allen, S.L.; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Brennan, D.P.; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Casper, T.A.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Doyle, E.J.; Institute of Plasma and Fusion Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Garofalo, A.M.; Department of Applied Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Hobirk, J.; Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysiks, Garching, Germany; Jayakumar, R.J.; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Kajiwara, K.; Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Kessel, C.E.; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA; Kinsey, J.E.; Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA; Menard, J.E.; Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA; Rhodes, T.L.; Institute of Plasma and Fusion Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Sips, A.C.C.; Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysiks, Garching, Germany; Wang, G.; Institute of Plasma and Fusion Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Zeng, L.; Institute of Plasma and Fusion Research, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Greenfield, C.M.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Luce, T.C.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Ferron, J.R.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; St John, H.E.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Burrell, K.H.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; DeBoo, J.C.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Gohil, P.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Gorelov, I.A.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Groebner, R.J.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Hyatt, A.W.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; La Haye, R.J.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Kim, J.Y.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Lao, L.L.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Lohr, J.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Petty, C.C.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Petrie, T.W.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Pinsker, R.I.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Politzer, P.A.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Prater, R.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Staebler, G.M.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; Taylor, T.S.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; West, W.P.; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA; , ; General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA, USA
Журнал:
Nuclear Fusion
Дата:
2005-11-01
Аннотация:
The advanced tokamak programme on DIII-D is to develop the scientific basis for steady state, high performance operation in future devices. We report on experiments attempting to demonstrate sustainment of 100% noninductive current for several seconds at high beta, using up to 2.5 MW of off-axis electron cyclotron current drive and up to 15 MW of neutral beam injection with q<sub>95</sub> ≈ 5. A 100% noninductive condition was achieved with β<sub>T</sub> = 3.6%, β<sub>N</sub> = 3.5, H<sub>89</sub> = 2.4 and improved current drive alignment. However, the duration of this phase was limited by the pressure profile evolution leading to magnetohydrodynamic instabilities after about 0.7 s. In a separate discharge, a nearly (∼90%) noninductive, stationary condition was maintained for one current relaxation time (1.8 s) only limited by the duration of the hardware system. These experiments have achieved normalized fusion performance with bootstrap current fraction f<sub>BS</sub> ≈ 60%, consistent with requirements for the ITER Q = 5 steady-state scenarios. The modelling tools that were successfully employed to devise experiments in DIII-D are applied to ITER, indicating that full noninductive operation is plausible for an ITER steady-state scenario with Q ≈ 5.
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