| Автор | Francis Halzen |
| Автор | Dan Hooper |
| Дата выпуска | 2002-07-01 |
| dc.description | This is a review of neutrino astronomy anchored to the observational fact that Nature accelerates protons and photons to energies in excess of 10<sup>20</sup> and 10<sup>13</sup> eV, respectively. Although the discovery of cosmic rays dates back close to a century, we do not know how and where they are accelerated. There is evidence that the highest-energy cosmic rays are extra-galactic - they cannot be contained by our galaxy's magnetic field anyway because their gyroradius far exceeds its dimension. Elementary elementary-particle physics dictates a universal upper limit on their energy of 5×10<sup>19</sup> eV, the so-called Greisen-Kuzmin-Zatsepin cutoff; however, particles in excess of this energy have been observed by all experiments, adding one more puzzle to the cosmic ray mystery. Mystery is fertile ground for progress: we will review the facts as well as the speculations about the sources. There is a realistic hope that the oldest problem in astronomy will be resolved soon by ambitious experimentation: air shower arrays of 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup> area, arrays of air Cerenkov detectors and, the subject of this review, kilometre-scale neutrino observatories. We will review why cosmic accelerators are also expected to be cosmic beam dumps producing associated high-energy photon and neutrino beams. We will work in detail through an example of a cosmic beam dump, γ-ray bursts (GRBs). These are expected to produce neutrinos from MeV to EeV energy by a variety of mechanisms. We will also discuss active galaxies and GUT-scale remnants, two other classes of sources speculated to be associated with the highest-energy cosmic rays. GRBs and active galaxies are also the sources of the highest-energy γ-rays, with emission observed up to 20 TeV, possibly higher. The important conclusion is that, independently of the specific blueprint of the source, it takes a kilometre-scale neutrino observatory to detect the neutrino beam associated with the highest-energy cosmic rays and γ-rays. We also briefly review the ongoing efforts to commission such instrumentation. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Institute of Physics Publishing |
| Название | High-energy neutrino astronomy: the cosmic ray connection |
| Тип | rev |
| DOI | 10.1088/0034-4885/65/7/201 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1361-6633 |
| Print ISSN | 0034-4885 |
| Журнал | Reports on Progress in Physics |
| Том | 65 |
| Первая страница | 1025 |
| Последняя страница | 1078 |
| Аффилиация | Francis Halzen; Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA |
| Аффилиация | Dan Hooper; Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA |
| Выпуск | 7 |
