Vortex nucleation through edge states in finite Bose–Einstein condensates

We study the vortex nucleation in a finite Bose–Einstein condensate. Using a set of non-local and chiral boundary conditions to solve the Schrödinger equation of non-interacting bosons in a rotating trap, we obtain a quantitative expression for the characteristic angular velocity for vortex nucleation in a condensate which is found to be 35% of the transverse harmonic trapping frequency.