We demonstrate that in order to interpret the x-ray satellite structure of Pd Lα_1,2(L₃M_4,5) transitions excited by fast O ions, which was measured using a high-resolution von Hamos crystal spectrometer, the vacancy rearrangement processes, taking place prior to the x-ray emission, have to be taken into account. The measured spectra were compared with the predictions of the multi-con.guration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) calculations using the fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields which were modiffed due to a reduced number of electrons available for relaxation processes and the effect of closing the Coster-Kronig transitions. We demonstrate that the vacancy rearrangement processes can be described in terms of the rearrangement factor, which can be calculated by solving the system of rate equations modelling the flow of vacancies in the multiply ionized atom. By using this factor, the ionization probability at the moment of collision can be extracted from the measured intensity distribution of x-ray satellites. The present results support the independent electron picture of multiple ionization and indicate the importance of use of Dirac-Hartree-Fock wave functions to calculate the ionization probabilities.