| Автор | Heck, Albert, F. |
| Дата выпуска | 1989 |
| dc.description | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the most frequently encountered valvular condition in the population, has been reported in an increasing variety of neurologic, muscular, and psychiatric disorders during the last twelve years. Extensive review of reports indicates this has resulted from observations of either (1) inordinate incidence of MVP in well-defined neurologic entities or (2) development of neurologic or ophthalmologic complications attributed to MVP. In the review presented, basis is found for categorizing MVP by its association with (1) well-defined, genetically determined neurologic disorders; (2) disorders characterized by structural abnormalities, many genetically determined, or inflammatory processes of connective tissues; (3) "mechanical" prolapse resulting from disproportion of mitral valve annulus and left ventricular size, which is, at times, reversible; and (4) a generally asymptomatic state that, at times, is associated with ischemic, thrombotic, embolic, and infectious disorders of the brain and eye. The paradox between the large number of persons with MVP in the general population who remain healthy and a subpopulation of patients with complications of MVP (eg, stroke) or other entities has been identified. A second paradox is found between the well-known increased incidence of MVP, especially in young patients with stroke, and the apparent rarity of stroke among patients with both common (eg, migraine) and unusual (eg, myotonic dystrophy) neurologic entities in which an extraordinary high prevalence of MVP is known to exist. |
| Издатель | Sage Publications |
| Название | 35th Annual Meeting — American College of Angiology Orlando, Florida — October, 1988 Symposium Proceedings |
| Тип | Journal Article |
| DOI | 10.1177/000331978904000810 |
| Print ISSN | 0003-3197 |
| Журнал | Angiology |
| Том | 40 |
| Первая страница | 743 |
| Последняя страница | 751 |
| Аффилиация | Heck, Albert, F., Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Charleston Division, and Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia |
| Выпуск | 8 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Procacci PM, Savran SV, Schreiter SL, et al: Prevalence of clinical mitral valve prolapse in 1169 young women . N Engl J Med 294:1086-1088, 1976 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Valdez RS, Motta JA, London E., et al: Evaluation of the echocardiogram as an epidemiologic tool in an asymptomatic population. Circulation60:921-929, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Darsee JR, Mikolich JR, Nicoloff NB, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in presumably healthy young men. Circulation59:619-622, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hickey AJ, Wolfers J., Wilcken Del: Mitral valve prolapse. Med J Aust1:31-33, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lucas RV, Edwards JE: The floppy mitral valve. Curr Probl Cardiol7:1-48, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Savage DD, Garrison RJ, Devereaux RD, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in the general population. I. Epidemiologic features: The Framingham study. Am Heart J106:571-576, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Levy D., Savage D.: Prevalence and clinical features of mitral valve prolapse. Am Heart J113:1281-1290, 1987 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barlow JB, Bosman CK: Aneurysmal protrusion of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve . Am Heart J 71:166-178, 1966. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm, Jones MW, Boughner D.: Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. Trans Am Neurol Assoc100:84-88, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm , Jones MW, Boughner DR, et al: Cerebral ischemic events associated with prolapsing mitral valve. Arch Neurol 33:777-782, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rostick WJ, Boughner DR, Barnett Hjm, et al: Strokes: A complication of mitral leaf prolapse?Lancet2:313-316, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm , Boughner DR, Cooper PE: Further evidence relating cerebral ischemic events to prolapsing mitral valve. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 103:3, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm , Boughner DR, Taylor DW, et al: Further evidence relating mitral valve prolapse to cerebral events. N Engl J Med 302:139-144, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm , Boughner DR, Taylor DW, et al: Further evidence relating mitral valve prolapse to cerebral ischemic events. N Engl J Med 302:139-144, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Isner JD, Hawley RJ, Weintraub AM, et al: Cardiac findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Arch Int Med139:1161-1165, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goldhaber SZ , Ruben IL, Brown W., et al: Valvular heart disease (aortic regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse) among institutionalized adults with Down's syndrome . Am J Cardiol 57:278-281, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook AW, Bird TW, Spence AM, et al: Myotonic dystrophy mitral valve prolapse and stroke. Lancet1:335-336, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gottdiener JS, Hawley RJ, Gay JA, et al: Left ventricular relaxation, mitral valve prolapse and intracardiac conduction in myotonia atrophica: Assessment of digitized echocardiography and non-invasive His bundle recording. Am Heart J104:77-85, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morris LK, Cuetta AC, Gunderson CH: Myotonic dystrophy, mitral valve prolapse and cerebral embolism. Stroke13:93-94, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Strasberg B. , Kanakis C., Dhingra RC, et al: Myotonia dystrophica and mitral valve prolapse. Chest 78:845-848, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Winters SJ, Schreiner B., Griggs RC, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and myotonic dystrophy. AmInt Med85:19-22, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hawley RJ, Gottdiener JS, Gay JA, et al: Families with myotonic dystrophy with and without cardiac involvement . Arch Int Med 143:2134-2136, 1983 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Reeves WC, Griggs R., Nanda NC, et al: Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac abnormalities in Duchenne's dystrophy and myotonic muscular dystrophy. Arch Neurol37:273-277, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sanyal SK, Leung Rkf, Tierney RC, et al: Mitral valve prolapse syndrome in children with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. Pediatrics63:116-123, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Biddison JH , Dembo DH, Spalt H., et al: Familial occurrence of mitral valve prolapse in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Circulation 59:1299-1304, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sanyal S., Johnson WW, Dische MR, et al: Dystrophic degeneration of papillary muscles and ventricular myocardium. Circulation62:430-438, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Darsee JR, Miklosek CL, Heymsfield SB, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and ophthalmologia: A progressive cardioneurologic syndrome. Ann Int Med92:735-741, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Litman GI, Friedman HM: Migraine and the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Am Heart J96:610-614, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gamberini G. , Alessandro RD, Labriola E., et al: Further evidence in the association of mitral valve prolapse with migraine. Headache 24:39-40, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Spence JD, Wong DG, Melendez LJ, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prlapse in patients with migraine . Can Med Assoc J 131:1457-1460, 1984 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lanzi G., Grandi AM, Gamba G., et al: Migraine, mitral valve prolapse and platelet function in the pediatric age group. Headache26:142-145, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown OR, De Mots H., Kloster FE, et al: Aortic root dilatation and mitral valve prolapse in Marfan's syndrome. Circulation52:651-657, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pan CW, Chen CC, Wong SP, et al: Echocardiographic study of cardiac abnormalities in families of patients with Marfan's syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol6:1016-1020, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pyeritz RE, Wappel MA: Mitral valve dysfunction in Marfan syndrome. Am J Med74:797-807, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Algon M., Schlesinger Z.: Prolapse of the mitral valve in Klippel-Feil syndrome. Chest79:127-128, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fricke GR, Mattern HJ, Schweikert HV: Mitral valve prolapse in Kleinfelter syndrome. Lancet2:1414, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brandt KD, Summer RD, Ryan TJ, et al: Herniation of mitral leaflets in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome . Am J Cardiol 36:524-528, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lebwohl MG, Distefano D., Prioleau PG, et al: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med307:228-231, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pyeritz RE, Weiss JL, Renie WA, et al: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med307:1451-1452, 1982 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jackson AC: Association of mitral valve prolapse and intracranial aneurysms. South Med J76:712-713, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Anderson RA, Koch S., Amerini-O'Tero RD: Cardiovascular findings in congenital contractural arachnodactyly . Am J Hum Genet 18:265-271, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Park JM, Contreras EA, Garcia RR: Mitral valve prolapse in a patient with frontometaphyseal dysplasia . Clin Pediat 25:469-471, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hagerman RJ, Synhorst DP: Mitral valve prolapse and aortic dilatation in the Fragile X syndrome . Am J Hum Genet 17:123-131, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Liberfarb RM , Goldblatt A.: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in the Stickler syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 24:387-392, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lebeque P., Bosi G., Lentermans J., et al: Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve in a child with Turner's syndrome. Eur J Pediat141:228-230, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mikindukulaswieya JC, Mihindukulasuriya JC, Nimalasuriya A., et al: Noonan's syndrome with mitral valve prolapse. Ceylon Med J23:68-69, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pines A., Ehrenfeld M., Fisman EZ, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in psoriatic arthritis. Arch Int Med146:1371-1371, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Grahame R., Chlid A.: Mitral valve prolapse. Br Med J287:317, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Handler CE, Child A., Light ND, et al: Mitral valve prolapse, aortic compliance and skin collagen in joint hypermobility syndrome. Br Heart J54:501-508, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gottdiener JS, Sherber HS, Hawley RJ, et al: Cardiac manifestations in polymyositis . Am J Cardiol 41:1141-1149, 1978 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hirshfeld SS , Riedner C., Nash CK Jr, et al: Incidence of mitral valve prolapse in adolescent scoliosis and thoracic kyphosis. Pediatrics 70:451-454, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smith MK, Kavey RW, Lubicky JP: Idiopathic scoliosis and mitral valve prolapse. J Fam Pract19:229-233, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schutte JE, Gaffney FA, Blend L., et al: Distinctive anthroprometric characteristics in women with mitral valve prolapse. Am J Med71:533-538, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Udoshi MB, Shah A., Fisher VJ, et al: Incidence of mitral valve prolapse in subjects with thoracic skeletal abnormalities — a prospective study. Am Heart J97:303-311, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Salomon J., Shah P., Heinte RA: Thoracic skeletal abnormalities in idiopathic mitral valve prolapse . Am J Cardiol 36:31-36, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brighton P. : Mitral valve prolapse and a Marfanoid habitus . Br Med J 284:920, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson GL, Humphries LL, Shirley PB, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Arch Int Med146:1525-1529, 1986 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Meyers DG, Starke H., Pearson P., et al: Mitral valve prolapse in anorexia nervosa. Ann Int Med105:384-386, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Meyers DG, Starke H., Pearson PH, et al: Leaflet to left ventricular size disproportion and prolapse of a structurally normal mitral valve in anorexia nervosa. Am J Cardiol60:911-914, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cohen JL, Austin SM, Segal KR, et al: Echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse in ballet dancers: A function of leanness. Am Heart J113:341-344, 1987. 61. Rayburn WF, LeMire MS, Bird JL, et al: Mitral |
| Библиографическая ссылка | valve prolapse: Echocardiographic changes during pregnancy. J Reprod Med32:185-187, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chisholm JC , Gilson A.: Rare cardiopulmonary complications of chronically decompensated myasthenia gravis. J Natl Med Assoc 72:997-998, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Emery Aeh: Abnormalities of the electrocardiogram in hereditary myopathies. J Med Genet9:8-12, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sanyal SK, Johnson WW, Thapar MK, et al: An ultrastructural basis for electrocardiographic alterations associated with Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. Circulation57:1122-1129, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Perloff JH, Roberts WC, de Leon AC, et al: The distinctive electrocardiogram of Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. Am J Med42:179-188, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Frankel KA, Rosser RR: The pathology of the heart in progressive muscular dystrophy: Epimyocardial fibrosis. Human Path7:375-386, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Virmani R., Atkinson JB, Byrd BT III, et al: Abnormal chordal insertion: A cause of mitral valve prolapse . Am Heart J 113:851-858, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Devereux RB , Brown WT, Kramer-Fox L., et al: Inheritance of mitral valve prolapse: Effect of age and sex on gene expression. Ann Int Med 97:826-832, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Malcolm AD, Boughner DR, Kosteck WJ, et al: Clinical features and investigative findings in presence of mitral leaf prolapse. Br Heart J38:244-256, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Taylor D., Horenstein S., Williams G., et al: Syncope, seizure and stroke in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome . Trans Am Neurol Assoc 104:114-116, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Warth DC, King ME, Cohen JM, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in normal children. J Am Coll Cardiol5:1173-1177, 1985 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hart RG, Easton JD: Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral infarction. Stroke13:429-430, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Boughner DR , Barnett Hjm: The enigma of the risk factor in mitral valve prolapse. Stroke 16:175-177, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Joyner CD, Detsky AS, Fulop JC, et al: Interobserver variability in the 2-D echo diagnosis of mild mitral valve prolapse. Clin Invest Med7 (Suppl 3):36, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gorman JM, Shear K., Devereux RB, et al: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in panic disorder: Effect of echocardiographic criteria. Psychosomat Med48:167-171, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Levine RA, Trielzi MO, Harrigan P., et al: The relationship of mitral annular shape to the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. Circulation75:756-767, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bryhn M., Persson S.: The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in healthy men and women in Sweden. An echocardiographic study. Acta Med Scand215:157-160, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Devereux RB , Perloff JK, Reichek N., et al: Mitral valve prolapse. Circulation 54:3-14, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sandok B., Guilliani ER: Cerebral ischemic events in patients with mitral valve prolapse. Stroke13:448-450, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lee WR, Sheikh MV, Lee KJ: Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in presumably healthy Korean adults. Clin Cardiol8:356-358, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Devereux RB , Kramer-Fox R., Shear MK, et al: Diagnosis and classification of severity of mitral valve prolapse: Methodologic, biologic and prognostic considerations . Am Heart J 113:1265-1280, 1987 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clemens JD, Horwitz RI, Jaffe CC, et al: A controlled evaluation of the risk of bacterial endocarditis in persons with mitral valve prolapse. N Engl J Med307:776-781, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bogousslavsky J., Regli F., VanMelle G., et al: Migraine stroke . Neurology 38:223-227, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Appelblatt NH , Willis PW, Lenhart JA, et al: Ten to forty year follow-up of 69 patients with systolic click with or without apical late systolic murmur. Am J Cardiol 35:119, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones HR Jr, Naggar CZ, Seljan MP, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and cerebral ischemic events. Stroke13:451-453, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wolf PA, Sila CA: Cerebral ischemia with mitral valve prolapse. Am Heart J113:1308-1315, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Naggar CZ, Pearson WN, Seljan MP: Frequency of complications of mitral valve prolapse in subjects aged 60 years and older. Am J Cardiol58:1209-1212, 1986 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lesser RL, Heinemann H., Borkowsky H., Jr, et al: Mitral valve prolapse and amaurosis fugax. In: Neuro-ophthalmology Focus 1982, ed. by Smith JLNew York: Masson, 1982, pp 161-170. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nishimura RA , McGoon MD, Shub C., et al: Echocardiographically documented mitral valve prolapse. Long-term following of 237 patients. N Engl J Med 313:1305-1309, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Duren DR, Becker AE, Dunning AJ: Long-term follow-up of idiopathic mitral valve prolapse in 300 patients: A prospective study. J AM Coll Cardiol11:42-47, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barletta GA , Gagliardi R., Benvenuti L., et al: Cerebral ischemic attakcs as a complication of aortic and mitral valve prolapse. Stroke 16:219-223, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kessler KM: Prolapse paranoia. J Am Coll Cardiol11:48-49, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnett Hjm : Embolism in mitral valve prolapse. Am Rev Med 33:489-507, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hypertension-Stroke Cooperative Study Group.Effects of antihypertensive treatment on stroke recurrence . JAMA 229:409-418, 1974. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Heck AF: Neurological manifestations associated with mitral valve prolapse . Vasc Med 2:28-43, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | MacHahon SW , Roberts JK, Kramer-Fox R., et al: Mitral valve prolapse and infective endocarditis. Am Heart J 113:1291-1298, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nolan CM, Kane JJ, Grunow WA: Infective endocarditis and mitral prolapse. Arch Int Med141:447-450, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Baddour LM, Bisno AL: Mitral valve prolapse: Multifactorial etiologies and variable progress . Am Heart J 112:1359-1362, 1986 . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fresch DD, Siegel R., Keelan MH, et al: Mitral valve prolapse in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc27:421-424, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Olsen Egj, Al-Rufaie HK: The floppy mitral valve. Br Heart J44:674-683, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Olsen LJ, Subramanian R., Ackerman DM, et al: Surgical pathology of the mitral valve: A study of 712 cases spanning 21 years. Mayo Clin Proc62:22-34, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lee WL, Dooling EC: Acute Kingella kingae endocarditis with recurrent cerebral emboli in a child with mitral prolapse. Ann Neurol16:88-89, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weinstein AJ, McHenry MC: Bacterial endocarditis in a patient with mitral valve prolapse. Arch Int Med139:1191-1192, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rothrock JR , Walicke P., Swenson MR, et al: Migrainous stroke . Arch Neurol 45:63-67, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Heck AF, Pratt LH: Myotonic dystrophy, prolapsed mitral valve, stroke and myasthenia gravis in a family. In review. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gilroy J., Meyer JS: Medical Neurology, ed. 3. New York: MacMillan p 720, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Conomy JP, Hanson MR, McFarling D.: Does migraine increase the risk of cerebral ischemic events in persons with mitral valve prolapse?Ann Neurol12:83, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bogousslavsky J., Regli F.: Ischemic stroke in very young adults: Etiology and prognosis. Arch Neurol44:479-482, 1987. |
