Автор |
ONUF, NICHOLAS |
Дата выпуска |
1995 |
dc.description |
The term `level' is an integral feature of contemporary international relations discourse. Singer introduced levels of analysis as a methodological problem in 1961. Since then levels schemes have proliferated and talk of levels is pervasive. As formulated, the level of analysis problem is which level should we choose? With the proliferation of schemes, the problem is which scheme should we choose? This question raises others. Which scheme best represents the field? Does a field organized into levels faithfully represent the world it purports to study? Why do we even think in terms of levels? There is no simple answer to the question, which scheme? I offer instead a critical appraisal enabling us to explore all the questions that proliferating schemes bring to mind, an appraisal reaching far beyond the field and as far back as Aristotle: we are not alone in talking of levels. |
Издатель |
SAGE PUBLICATIONS |
Название |
Levels |
Тип |
Journal Article |
DOI |
10.1177/1354066195001001003 |
Print ISSN |
1354-0661 |
Журнал |
European Journal of International Relations |
Том |
1 |
Первая страница |
35 |
Последняя страница |
58 |
Аффилиация |
ONUF, NICHOLAS, Florida International University |
Выпуск |
1 |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Andriole, Stephen J. (1978) `The Level of Analysis Problem and the Study of Foreign, International and Global Affairs: A Review Critique and Another Final Solution', International Interactions5(2-3): 113-133. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Aristotle (1961) Parts of Animals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Barnes, Jonathan (ed.) (1984) The Complete Works of Aristotle, The Revised Oxford Translation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Benjamin, Walter (1968) Illuminations. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Berkowitz, Bruce D. (1986) `The Level of Analysis Problem in International Studies', International Interactions12(3): 199-227. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1952) Problems of Life: An Evaluation of Modern Biological Thought. New York: John Wiley. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bertalanffy, Ludwig von (1975) Perspectives on General Systems Theory: Scientific-Philosophical Studies. New York: George Braziller. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Blau, Peter M. (1981) `Introduction: Diverse Views of Social Structure and Their Common Denominator', in Peter M. Blau and Richard K. Merton (eds) Continuities in Structural Inquiry, pp. 1-23. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Brown, Robert (1973) Rules and Law in Sociology. London: Aldine. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bunge, Mario (1959) `Do Levels of Science Reflect the Levels of Being?', in Metascientific Queries, pp. 108-123. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bunge, Mario (1960a) `Levels: A Semantical Preliminary', Review of Metaphysics13(3): 396-406. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bunge, Mario (1960b) `On the Connections among Levels', Proceedings of the XII International Congress of Philosophy6: 63-70. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bunge, Mario (1969) `The Metaphysics, Epistemology and Methodology of Levels', in Lancelot Law Whyteet al. (eds) Hierarchical Structures, pp. 17-28. New York: American Elsevier. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Buzan, Barry (n.d.) `The Level of Analysis Problem in International Relations Reconsidered', mimeo, forthcoming in Ken Booth and Steve Smith (eds) International Political Theory Today. London: Polity Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Buzan, Barry, Charles Jones and Richard Little (1993) The Logic of Anarchy: Neorealism to Structural Realism. New York: Columbia University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Carneiro, Robert L. (ed.) (1967) The Evolution of Society: Selections from Herbert Spencer's Principles of Sociology. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Edel, Abraham (1959) `The Concept of Levels in Social Theory', in Llewellyn Gross (ed.) Symposium on Social Theory, pp. 167-195. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Glacken, Clarence J. (1967) Traces on the Rhodian Shore: Nature and Culture in Western Thought from Ancient Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley, CA and Los Angeles: University of California Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hollis, Martin and Steve Smith (1990) Explaining and Understanding International Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hume, David (1955) An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, 1748. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Kant, Immanuel (1965) Critique of Pure Reason, 1st and 2nd edns, 1781, 1787. New York: St Martin's Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Lakoff, George and Mark Johnson (1980) Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Lovejoy, Arthur O. (1936) The Great Chain of Being: A Study of the History of an Idea. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Moul, W. B. (1973) `The Level of Analysis Problem Revisited', Canadian Journal of Political Science6(3): 404-513. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mouritzen, Hans (1980) `Selecting Explanatory Level in World Politics: Evaluating a Set of Criteria', Cooperation and Conflict15(3): 169-182. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nagel, Ernest (1955) `On the Statement “The Whole Is More Than the Sum of Its Parts” ', in Paul F. Lazarsfeld and Morris Rosenberg (eds) The Language of Social Research, pp. 519-527. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
North, Robert C. (1990) War, Peace, Survival: Global Politics and Conceptual Synthesis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Onuf, Nicholas Greenwood (1989) World of Our Making: Rules and Rule in Social Theory and International Relations. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Onuf, Nicholas (1994) `The Constitution of International Society', European Journal of International Law5(1): 1-19. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Onuf, Peter and Nicholas Onuf (1993) Federal Union, Modern World: The Law of Nations in an Age of Revolutions, 1776-1814. Madison, WI: Madison House. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Renfrew, Colin (1979) `Transformations', in Colin Renfrew and Kenneth L. Cooke (eds) Transformations: Mathematical Approaches to Culture Change, pp. 3-44. New York: Academic Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rorty, Richard (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Ruggie, John G. (1993) `Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations', International Organization47(1): 139-174. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Simon, Herbert A. (1962) `The Architecture of Complexity', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society106: 467-482. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Simon, Herbert A. (1973) `The Organization of Complex Systems', in Howard H. Pattee (ed.) Hierarchy Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems. New York: George Braziller. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Singer, J. David (1961) `The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations', World Politics14(1): 77-92. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Taylor, Charles (1989) Sources of the Self: The Making of Modern Identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Vyverberg, Henry (1989) Human Nature, Cultural Diversity, and the French Enlightenment. New York: Oxford University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Walker, R.B.J. (1993) Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Waltz, Kenneth N. (1959) Man, the State and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Waltz, Kenneth N. (1979) Theory of International Politics. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wilson, Donna (1969) `Forms of Hierarchy: A Selected Bibliography', in Lancelot Law Whyteet al. (eds) Hierarchical Structures, pp. 287-314. New York: American Elsevier. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Yalem, Ronald J. (1977) `The Level-of-Analysis Problem Reconsidered', Year Book of World Affairs31: 306-326. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Yurdusev, A. Yuri (1993) ` “Level of Analysis” and “Unit of Analysis”: A Case for Distinction', Millennium: Journal of International Studies22(1): 77-88. |