| Автор | Bradley, Raymond, S. |
| Автор | Jonest, Philip, D. |
| Дата выпуска | 1993 |
| dc.description | Climatic changes resulting from greenhouse gases will be superimposed on natural climatic variations. High-resolution proxy records of past climate can be used to extend our perspective on regional and hemispheric changes of climate back in time by several hundred years. Using historical, tree-ring and ice core data, we examine climatic variations during the period commonly called the 'Little Ice Age'. The coldest conditions of the last 560 years were between AD 1570 and 1730, and in the nineteenth century. Unusually warm conditions have prevailed since the 1920s, probably related to a relative absence of major explosive volcanic eruptions and higher levels of greenhouse gases. |
| Издатель | Sage Publications |
| Тема | 'Little Ice Age' |
| Тема | summer temperatures |
| Тема | climatic change |
| Тема | global warming |
| Тема | historical evidence |
| Тема | tree-rings |
| Тема | ice cores. |
| Название | 'Little Ice Age' summer temperature variations: their nature and relevance to recent global warming trends |
| Тип | Journal Article |
| DOI | 10.1177/095968369300300409 |
| Print ISSN | 0959-6836 |
| Журнал | The Holocene |
| Том | 3 |
| Первая страница | 367 |
| Последняя страница | 376 |
| Аффилиация | Bradley, Raymond, S., Department of Geology and Geography, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| Аффилиация | Jonest, Philip, D., Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NRA 7TJ, UK |
| Выпуск | 4 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ball, T.F.1992: Historical and instrumental evidence of climate: western Hudson Bay, Canada, 1714-1850. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 40-73. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Boninsegna, J.A.1992: South American dendroclimatological records. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 446-62. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Borisenkov, Ye. P.1992: Documentary evidence from the U.S.S.R In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 171-83. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bradley, R.S.1985: Quaternary paleoclimatology. London : Chapman and Hall. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1992: When was the 'Little Ice Age'? In Mikami, T., editor, Proceedings of the international symposium on the Little Ice Age climate, Tokyo: Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-4. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D. 1992a: Introduction. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 1-16. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1992b: Records of explosive volcanic eruptions over the last 500 years. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 606-22. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Jones, P.D. and Kelly, P.M. 1987: Secular fluctuations of temperature over the Northern Hemisphere land areas and mainland China since the mid-19th century. In Ye, D., Fu, C., Chao, J. and Yoshino, M., editors, The climate of China and global climate , Beijing: China Ocean Press, 76-87. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Briffa, K.R. and Jones, P.D. 1993: Global surface air tempeature variations during the twentieth century. Part 2, Implications for large-scale high-frequency paleoclimatic studies. The Holocene 3, 82-93. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Briffa, K.R., Bartholin, T.S., Eckstein, D., Jones, P.D., Karlén, W., Schweingruber, F.H. and Zetterberg, P. 1990: A 1,400-year tree-ring record of summer temperatures in Fennoscandia. Nature 346, 434-39. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., Bartholin, T.S., Eckstein, D., Schweingruber, F.H., Karlén, W., Zetterberg, P. and Eronen, M. 1992a: Fennoscandian summers from A.D. 500: temperature changes on short and long timescales. Climate Dynamics 7, 111-19. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D. and Schweingruber, F.H. 1992b: Tree-ring density reconstructions of summer temperature patterns across western North America since 1600. Journal of Climate 5, 735-54. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Catchpole, A.J.W.1992: Hudson's Bay Company ships' log-books as sources of sea ice data, 1751-1870. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge , 17-39. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, E., Bird, T., Peterson, M., Barbetti, M., Buckley, B., D'Arrigo, R. and Francey, R. 1992: Climate change over the last millennium in Tasmania reconstructed from tree-rings. The Holocene 2, 205-17. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, E., Bird, T., Peterson, M., Barbetti, M., Buckley, B., D'Arrigo, R., Francey, R. and Tans, P. 1991: Climatic change in Tasmania inferred from a 1089-year tree-ring chronology of Huon Pine. Science 253,1266-68. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Crowley, T.J., Criste, T.A. and Smith, N.R. 1993: Reassessment of Crete (Greenland) ice core acidity/volcanism link to climate change. Geophysical Research Letters 20, 209-12. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | D'Arrigo, R.D. and Jacoby, G.C., Jr. 1992: Dendroclimatic evidence from northern North America. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500 , London: Routledge, 296-311. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ehhalt, D.H.1988: How has the atmospheric concentration of CH4 changed? In Rowland, F.S. and Isaksen, I.S.A., editors, The changing atmosphere, Chichester: John Wiley, 25-32. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Folland, C.K., Karl, T.R. and Vinnikov, K.Ya 1990: Observed climatic variations and change. In Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J. and Ephraums, J.J., editors, Climate change: the IPCC scientific assessment , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 195-238. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Folland, C.K., Karl, T.R., Nicholls, N., Nyenzi, B.S., Parker, D.E. and Vinnikov, K.Ya 1992: Observed climate variability and change. In Houghton, J.T., Callander, B.A. and Varney, S.K., editors, Climate change 1992. The supplementary report to the IPCC scientific assessment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 135-70. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Frenzel, B., editor, 1992: European climate reconstructed from documentary data. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fritts, H.C.1991: Reconstructing large-scale climatic patterns from tree-ring data. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fritts, H.C. and Shao, X.-M. 1992: Mapping climate using tree-rings from western North America . In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 269-95. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gajewski, K.1988: Late Holocene climate changes in eastern North America estimated from pollen data. Quaternary Research29, 255-62. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Graybill, D.A. and Shiyatov, S.G. 1992: Dendroclimatic evidence from the northern Soviet Union . In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500 , London: Routledge, 393-414. Grove, J.M. 1988: The Little Ice Age. London: Methuen . |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B. and Dansgaard, W. 1980: Greenland ice sheet evidence of post-glacial volcanism and its climatic impact. Nature 288, 230-35. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Herron, M.M., Herron, S.L. and Langway, C.C., Jr. 1981: Climatic signal of ice melt features in southern Greenland. Nature 293, 389-91. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jacoby, G.C., Jr. and D'Arrigo, R.D.1989: Reconstructed Northern Hemisphere annual temperature since 1671 based on high-latitude tree-ring data from North America. Climatic Change14, 39-59. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jacoby, G.C., Jr., Ivanciu, I.S. and Ulan, L.D. 1988: A 263-year record of summer temeprature for northern Quebec reconstructed from tree-ring data and evidence for major climatic shift in the early 1800s. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 64, 69-78. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones, P.D. and Briffa, K.R. 1992: Global surface air temperature variations over the twentieth century: Part 1, Spatial, temporal and seasonal details. The Holocene 2, 165-79. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones, P.D., Marsh, R., Wigley, T.M.L. and Peel, D.A. 1993: Decadal timescale links between Antarctic Peninsula ice-core oxygen-18, deuterium and temperature. The Holocene 3, 14-26. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones, P.D., Raper, S.C.B., Bradley, R.S., Diaz, H.F., Kelly, E.M. and Wigley, T.M.L. 1986: Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature variations, 1851-1984. Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 25, 161-79. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jouzel, J., Merlivat, L., Petit, J.R. and Lorius, C. 1984: Climatic information over the last century deduced from a detailed isotopic record in the South Pole snow. Journal of Geophysical Research 88, C4, 2693-703. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kameda, T., Narita, H., Shoji, H., Nishio, F. and Watanabe, O. 1992: 450-year summer temperature record from melt feature profile in South Greenland ice core. In Mikami, T. , editor, Proceedings of the international symposium on the Little Ice Age climate, Tokyo: Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 101-107. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kim, G.S. and Choi, I.S. 1987: A preliminary study on long-term variation of unusual climate phenomena during the past 1000 years in Korea. In Ye, D., Fu, C., Chao, J. and Yoshino, M. , editors, The climate of China and global climate, Beijing: China Ocean Press, 30-37. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kim, Y.O.1984: The Little Ice Age in Korea: an approach to historical climatology. Geography-Education14, 1-16 (in Korean with English abstract). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1987: Climatic environment of Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910) based on historical records. Journal of Geography ( Seoul) 14, 411-23 (in Korean with English abstract). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Koerner, R.M.1977: Devon Island icecap: core stratigraphy and paleoclimate . Science 196, 15-18. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Koerner, R.M. and Fisher, D.A. 1990: A record of Holocene summer climate from a Canadian high-arctic ice core. Nature 343, 630-31. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lamb, H.H.1970: Volcanic dust in the atmosphere, with a chronology and assessment of its meteorological significance. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonA266, 425-533. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Luckman, B.H.1986: Reconstruction of Little Ice Age events in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Geographie Physique et Quaternaire40, 17-28. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Maejima, I. and Tagami, Y. 1983: Climate of Little Ice Age in Japan. Geographical Reports of the Tokyo Metropolitan University 18, 91-111. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1986: Climatic change during historical times in Japan- reconstruction from climatic hazard records. Geographic Reports of the Tokyo Metropolitan University 21, 157-71. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Manley, G.1959: Mean temperature of Central England 1698-1952. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society79, 242-61. — 1974: Central England temperature data 1941-1979. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 100,389-405. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Matthes, F.1939: Report of Committee on Glaciers. Transactions American Geophysical Union20, 518-23. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1940: Committee on Glaciers, 1939-40. Transactions American Geophysical Union 21, 396-406. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Messerli, B., Messerli, P., Pfister, C. and Zumbühl, H.J. 1978: Fluctuations of climate and glaciers in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, and their geoecological significance, 1600 to 1975. Arctic and Alpine Research 10, 247-60. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Moodie, D.W. and Catchpole, A.J.W. 1975: Environmental data from historical documents by content analysis: freeze-up and break-up of estuaries on Hudson Bay, 1714-1871. Manitoba Geographical Studies 5. Winnipeg : Department of Geography, University of Manitoba. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mosley-Thompson, E.1992: Paleoenvironmental conditions in Antarctica since A.D. 1500: ice core evidence. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 572-91. Moss, J.H. 1951. Early man in the Eden valley. University of Pennsylvania Museum Monograph, 9-92. Philadelphia. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Norton, D.A. and Palmer, J.G. 1992: Dendroclimatic evidence of northern and central European summer temperatures. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 463-82. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Oerlemans, J.1989: On the response of valley glaciers to climatic change . In Oerlemans, J., editors, Glacier fluctuations and climatic change, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 353-72. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Oeschger, H. and Siegenthaler, U. 1988: How has the atmospheric concentration of CO2 changed? In Rowland, F.S. and Isaksen, I.S.A., editors, The changing atmosphere, Chichester: John Wiley, 5-23. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Orombelli, G. and Porter, S. 1982: Late Holocene fluctuations of Brenva Glacier. Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria 5, 14-37. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Overpeck, J. and Rind, D. 1992: Modeling the possible causes of Little Ice Age cooling . In Mikami, T., editor, Proceedings of the international symposium on the Little Ice Age climate, Tokyo: Department of Geography, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 331-36. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Parker, D.E., Legg, T.P. and Folland, C.K. 1992: A new daily Central England temperature series, 1772-1991 . International Journal of Climatology 12, 317-42. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Peel, D.A.1992: Ice core evidence from the Antarctic Peninsula region . In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 549-71. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pfister, C.1985: Das Klima der Schweiz von 1525-1860. Bern: Academica Helvetica. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1992: Monthly temperature and precipitation in central Europe 1525-1979: quantifying documentary evidence on weather and its effects. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 118-42. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Porter, S.C.1981: Glaciological evidence of Holocene climatic change. In Wigley, T.M.L., Ingram, M.J. and Farmer, G., editors, Climate and history, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 82-110. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1986: Pattern and forcing of Northern Hemisphere glacier variations during the last millennium. Quaternary Research 26, 27-48. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Porter, S.C. and Denton, G.H. 1967: Chronology of neoglaciation in the North American Cordillera . American Journal of Science 265, 177-210. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rind, I. and Overpeck, J. 1993: Hypothesised causes of decadal-to-century scale climate variability: climate model results. Quaternary Science Reviews (in press). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Robin, G. de Q.1983: The climate record from ice cores. In Robin, G. de Q., editor, The climate record in Polar Ice Sheets, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 180-95. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Röthlisberger, F.1976: Gletscher- und klima-schwankungen im Raum Zermatt, Ferpecle und Arolla. Die Alpen52, 59-152. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1986: 10,000 Jahre Gletschergeschichte der Erde. Aarau: Verlag Sauerländer. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Röthlisberger, F., Haas, P., Holzhauser, H., Keller, W., Bircher, W. and Renner, F. 1980: Holocene climatic fluctuations - radiocarbon dating of fossil soils (fah) and woods from moraines and glaciers in the Alps. Geographica Helvetica 35, 21-52. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Salinger, M.J.1979: New Zealand climate: the temperature record, historical data and some agricultural implications. Climatic Change2, 109-26. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schweingruber, F.H., Briffa, K.R. and Jones, P.D. 1991: Yearly maps of summer temperatures in western Europe from A.D. 1750 to 1975 and western North America from 1600 to 1982: results of a radiodensitometrical study on tree rings. Vegetatio 92, 5-71. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Stuiver, M. and Pearson, G. 1986: High precision calibration of radiocarbon timescale, A.D. 1950-500 B.C Radiocarbon 28, 805-38. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Tarussov, A.1992: The Arctic from Svalbard to Severnaya Zemlya: climatic reconstructions from ice cores. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A. D. 1500, London: Routledge, 505-16. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Thompson, L.G.1992: Ice core evidence from Peru and China. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 517-48. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Villalba, R.1990: Climatic fluctuations in northern Patagonia during the last 1000 years as inferred from tree-ring records. Quaternary Research34, 346-60. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wang, Risheng, Wang, Shaowu and Fraedrich, K. 1991: An approach to reconstruction of temperature on a seasonal basis using historical documents from China. International Journal of Climatology 11, 381-92. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wang, Shaowu1991a: Reconstruction of palaeo-temperature series in China from the 1380s to the 1980s. Wurzburger Geographische Arbeiten80, 1-19. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1991b: Reconstruction of temperature series of North China from 1380s to 1980s. Science in China Series B 34, 751-59. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wang, Shaowu and Wang, Risheng 1990: Seasonal and annual temperature variations since 1470 A.D. in East China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica 4, 428-39. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | — 1992: An approach to reconstruction of seasonal temperature in China using historical documents. Unpublished manuscript. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wigley, T.M.L. and Barnett, T.P. 1990: Detection of the Greenhouse Effect in the observations . In Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J. and Ephraums, J.J., editors, Climate change: the IPCC assessment, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 239-55. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wilson, C.1992: Climate in Canada, 1809-1820: three approaches to the Hudson's Bay Company Archives as an historical database. In Harrington, C.R., editor, The year without a summer? world climate in 1816, Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 162-84. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wu, X.O.1992: Dendroclimatic Studies in China. In Bradley, R.S. and Jones, P.D., editors, Climate since A.D. 1500, London: Routledge, 517-48. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zhang, D.1980: Winter temperature changes during the past 500 years in South China. Kexue Tongbao25, 497. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zhang, J. editor, 1988: The reconstruction of climate in China for historical times. Beijing: Science Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zhang, P. and Gong, G. 1979: Some characteristics of climatic fluctuations in China since 16th century. Acta Geographica Sinica 34, 238. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zumbühl, H.J.1980: Die Schwankungen der Grindelwaldgletscher in den historischen Bild- und Schriftquellen des 12 bis 19 Jahrunderts. Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft92. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zumbiihl, H.J. and Holzhauser, H. 1988: Alpernletscher in der Kleinen Eiszeit. Die Alpen 3, 1-322. |
