A mental health survey was conducted using the Cornell Medical Index (CMI) on Vietnamese refugees who have resettled in Japan. 64.5% of the females and 37.2% of the males displayed emotional disturbance. The refugees with life-threatening and/or concentration camp experience had significantly higher CMI scores than those without it (t test, P<0.05). CMI scores of the group residing in Japan for 4-5 years are markedly lower than the group residing there for 2-3 years (F test, P<0.05).