Traditionally, the role of the cerebellum has been one of motor control and motor learn ing. Recent animal and human studies suggest that there exists a non-motor region of the lateral cerebellum concerned specifically with cognitive functioning. Despite this well described information, there are few reported cases in the literature of cognitive dys function following isolated cerebellar infarction. This paper reviews a case of a seven teen-year-old left-handed male who presented to our emergency room with the acute onset of a right cerebellar infarction manifested as subtle language dysfunction in addi tion to the traditional motor and speech abnormalities. This paper continues by review ing recent neuroanatomic as well as neurobehavioral data supporting the role of the cere bellum in cognition by way of its connections with the contralateral cerebral hemisphere.