A sample of 221 midwestern high school and college adolescents completed the AIDS Knowledge Test and Sexual Responsibility Scale. Overall, students had a moderate to high level of AIDS knowledge. Females had greater knowledge of AIDS than males. Adolescents who had not engaged in sexual intercourse had greater AIDS knowledge than did adolescents who had engaged in sexual intercourse. Sexually active college students scored higher on the AIDS Knowledge Test than did sexually active high school adolescents. AIDS Knowledge Test scores were significantly positively correlated with Sexual Responsibility scores. Female adolescents were found to be more sexually responsible than male adolescents. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.