| Автор | Tivey, Maurice A. |
| Дата выпуска | 1996 |
| dc.description | Consensus on the source of marine magnetic anomaly stripes has remained one of the most elusive aspects of the Vine and Matthews seafloor spreading model which has been of such fundamental importance to global plate tectonics. The first attempt to measure the vertical magnetic structure of oceanic crust exposed at a scarp face using near‐bottom magnetic measurements is reported along with the theoretical basis for the reduction and analysis of these measurements. Magnetometers mounted to deep‐tow and submersible platforms were used to determine the horizontal and vertical variation of crustal magnetization of the upper 2 km of young oceanic crust exposed by a steep submarine escarpment at the Blanco fracture zone in the northeast Pacific Ocean. Results show a large‐amplitude magnetic anomaly is consistently found at the extrusive to intrusive transition indicating that the extrusives are strongly magnetized compared to the weakly magnetized intrusive crust. Profiles also show the systematic presence of more than one polarity with depth indicating the possibility of dipping polarity boundaries within the extrusives. Forward models find that a dipping polarity boundary model correctly predicts the amplitude and shape of the overlying sea surface anomaly, while a block model with vertical polarity boundaries overestimates the amplitude. These in situ results are used to directly assess the contribution made by the extrusive section to the overlying magnetic anomaly signal, in essence, to define the magnetic source layer. It is concluded that the extrusive lavas constitute the main magnetic source for magnetic anomalies in oceanic crust less than 2 m.y. in age. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | GEOMAGNETISM AND PALEOMAGNETISM |
| Тема | Spatial variations attributed to seafloor spreading |
| Тема | MARINE GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS |
| Тема | Midocean ridge processes |
| Тема | Marine magnetics and paleomagnetics |
| Тема | Instruments and techniques |
| Название | Vertical magnetic structure of ocean crust determined from near‐bottom magnetic field measurements |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/96JB01307 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| Том | 101 |
| Первая страница | 20275 |
| Последняя страница | 20296 |
| Выпуск | B9 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Alt, J. C., H.Kinoshita, L. B.Stokking, Shipboard Scientific Party, Leg 148, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program. Initial Rep., 148, 5–352, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Arkani‐Hamed, J., Remanent magnetization of the oceanic upper mantle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 48–51, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Arkani‐Hamed, J., Thermoviscous remanent magnetization of oceanic lithosphere inferred from its thermal evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17421–17436, 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Auzende, J.‐M., M.Cannat, P.Gente, J. P.Henriet, T.Juteau, J.Karson, Y.Lagabrielle, C.Mevel, M. A.Tivey, Observations of sections of oceanic crust and mantle cropping out on the southern wall of Kane FZ (N. Atlantic), Terra Res., 6, 143–148, 1994. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Banerjee, S. K., The magnetic layer of the oceanic crust. How thick is it?, Tectonophysics, 105, 15–27, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Blakely, R. J., An age‐dependent, two‐layer model for marine magnetic anomalies, The Geophysics of the Pacific Ocean Basin and Its Margin: A Volume in Honor of George P. Woollard, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., 19G. P.Woollard, et al., 227–234, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Blakely, R. J., Statistical averaging of marine magnetic anomalies and the aging of oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 2289–2296, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Blakely, R. J., W. S.Lynn, Reversal transition widths and fast‐spreading centers, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 33, 321–330, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , BLANCONAUTE Shipboard Party, The western Blanco transform: Preliminary insights into the oceanic crustal architecture and transform zone processes, (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 7244, Fall Meet. Suppl., 519, 1991. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bleil, U., N.Peterson, Variations in magnetization intensity and low‐temperature titanomagnetite oxidation of ocean floor basalts, Nature, 301, 384–388, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cande, S. C., Anomalous behaviour of the paleomagnetic field inferred from the skewness of anomalies 33 and 34, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 40, 275–286, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cande, S. C., D. V.Kent, Constraints imposed by the shape of marine magnetic anomalies on the magnetic source, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4157–4162, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , CAYTROUGH, Geological and geophysical investigation of the Mid‐Cayman Rise spreading center: Initial results and observations, Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust, Maurice Ewing Ser., 2M.Talwani, C. G.Harrison, D. E.Hayes, 66–93, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cox, A., R. J.Blakely, J. D.Phillips, A two‐layer model for marine magnetic anomalies (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 53, 974, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dauteuil, O., Fault pattern from Seabeam processing: The western part of the Blanco Fracture Zone (NE Pacific), Mar. Geophys. Res., 17, 17–35, 1995. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Davis, K. E., Magnetite rods in plagioclase as a primary carrier of stable NRM in oceanic floor gabbros, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 55, 190–198, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Delaney, J. R., F. N.Spiess, W. E.Colony, J. L.Karsten, P.Nehlig, A complete Deep‐Tow swath map of the south‐facing wall of the Blanco Trough, Juan de Fuca Region (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 68, 1509, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Denham, C. R., H.Schouten, On the likelihood of mixed polarity in oceanic basement drill cores, Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust, Maurice Ewing Ser., 2M.Talwani, C. G.Harrison, D. E.Hayes, 160–165, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Detrick, R. S., G. M.Purdy, Crustal structure of the Kane Fracture Zone from seismic refraction studies, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3759–3777, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Detrick, R. S., M. M.Cormier, R.Prince, D. W.Forsyth, Seismic constraints on the crustal structure within the Vema Fracture Zone, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10599–10612, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dick, H. J. B., J. A.Erzinger, L. B.Stokking, Shipboard Scientific Party, Leg 140, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program. Initial Rep., 140, 37–200, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , EEZ SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, Atlas of the exclusive economic zone, western coterminus United States, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Invest. Ser., 1‐1792, 152, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Embley, R. W., D.Wilson, Morphology of the Blanco Transform fault zone‐ NE Pacific: Implications for its tectonic evolution, Mar. Geophys. Res., 14, 25–45, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fox, P. J., N. D.Opdyke, Geology of oceanic crust: Magnetic properties of oceanic rocks, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 5139–5154, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fox, P. J., D. G.Gallo, A tectonic model for ridge transform‐ridge plate boundaries: Implications for the structure of oceanic lithosphere, Tectonophysics, 104, 205–242, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Francheteau, J., P.Choukroune, R.Hekinian, X.Le Pichon, H. D.Needham, Oceanic fractures do not provide deep sections of the crust, Can. J. Earth Sci., 13, 1223–1235, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Francheteau, J., R.Armijo, J. L.Cheminee, R.Hekinian, P.Lonsdale, N.Blum, 1 Ma East Pacific Rise oceanic crust and uppermost mantle exposed by rifting in Hess Deep (equatorial Pacific Ocean), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 101, 281–295, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hall, J. M., P. T.Robinson, Deep crustal drilling in the north Atlantic Ocean, Science, 204, 573–586, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hall, J. M., B. E.Fisher, C. C.Walls, S. L.Hall, H. P.Johnson, A. R.Bakor, V.Agrawal, M.Persaud, A. M.Sumaiang, Vertical distribution and alteration of dikes in a profile through the Troodos ophiolite, Nature, 326, 780–782, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hall, J. M., B.Fisher, C.Walls, T.Ward, L.Hall, H. P.Johnson, Magnetic oxide petrography and alteration in the Cyprus Crustal Project Drillhole CY‐4. Section through the lower sheeted complex and upper plutonic complex of the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus, Cyprus Crustal Study Project: Initial ReportI. L.Gibson, J.Malpas, P. T.Robinson, C.Xenophontos, Hole CY‐4Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont., 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harrison, C. G. A., Marine magnetic anomalies: The origin of the stripes, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 15, 505, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hsu, V., D. L.Merrill, H.Shibuya, Paleomagnetic transition records of the Cobb Mountain event from sediments of the Celebes and Sulu seas, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 2069–2072, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy, Division I, Working Group 1, International geomagnetic reference field revision 1987, IAGA News, 26, 87–92, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Irving, E., The mid‐Atlantic ridge at 45°N, XIV. Oxidation and magnetic properties of basalt: Review and discussion, Can. J. Earth Sci., 7, 1528–1538, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, H. P., T.Atwater, Magnetic study of basalts from the Mid‐Atlantic ridge, lat. 37°N, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 637–647, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, H. P., J. E.Pariso, Variations in oceanic crustal magnetization: Systematic changes in the last 160 million years, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 435–446, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, H. P., B. L.Salem, Magnetic properties of dikes from the oceanic upper crustal section, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21733–21740, 1994. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Juteau, T., D.Bideau, O.Dauteuil, G.Manac'h, D. D.Naidoo, P.Nehlig, H.Ondreas, M. A.Tivey, K. X.Whipple, J. R.Delaney, A submersible study in the western Blanco Fracture Zone, N.E. Pacific: Lithostratigraphy, magnetic structure, and magmatic and tectonic evolution during the last 1.6 Ma, Mar. Geophys. Res., 17, 399–430, 1995a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Juteau, T., D.Bideau, O.Dauteuil, G.Manac'h, D. D.Naidoo, P.Nehlig, H.Ondreas, M. A.Tivey, K. X.Whipple, J. R.Delaney, De la propagation a l'accretion oceanique: Etude par submersible du mur nord de la Fosse Ouest Blanco (Zone de Fracture Blanco, Pacifique NE), Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., 66, 105–121, 1995b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Karson, J. A., H. J. B.Dick, Tectonics of ridge‐transform intersections at the Kane Fracture Zone, Mar. Geophys. Res., 6, 51–98, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Karson, J. A., S. D.Hurst, P.Lonsdale, Tectonic rotations of dikes in fast spread oceanic crust exposed near Hess Deep, Geology, 20, 685–688, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kent, D. V., B. M.Honnorez, N. D.Opdyke, P. J.Fox, Magnetic properties of dredged oceanic gabbros and the source of marine magnetic anomalies, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 55, 513–537, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kidd, R. B., R. C.Searle, A. T.Ramsay, H.Pritchard, J.Mitchell, The geology and formation of King's Trough, northeast Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Geol., 48, 1–30, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kidd, R. G. W., The nature and shape of the sources of marine magnetic anomalies, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 33, 310–320, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Le Pichon, X., J. C.Sibuet, Western extension of boundary between European and Iberian plates during the Pyrenean orogeny, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 12, 83–88, 1971. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Levi, S., S. K.Banerjee, S.Beske‐Diehl, B.Moskowitz, Limitations of ophiolite complexes as models for the magnetic layer of the oceanic lithosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 473–476, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lonsdale, P., Structural pattern of the Galapagos microplate and evolution of the Galapagos triple junction, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13551–13574, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Luyendyk, B. P., R.Day, Paleomagnetism of the Samail Ophiolite, Oman, 2, The Wadi Kadir gabbro section, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10903–10917, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Luyendyk, B. P., B. R.Laws, R.Day, T. B.Collinson, Paleomagnetism of the Samail Ophiolite, Oman, 1, The sheeted Dike complex at Ibra, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10883–10902, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Macdonald, K. C., S. P.Miller, S. P.Heustis, F. N.Spiess, Three‐dimensional modelling of a magnetic reversal boundary from inversion of deep‐tow measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3670–3680, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Macdonald, K. C., S. P.Miller, B. P.Luyendyk, T. M.Atwater, L.Shure, Investigation of a Vine Matthews magnetic lineation from a submersible: The source and character of marine magnetic anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 3403–3418, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Macdonald, K. C., R. M.Haymon, A.Shor, A 220 km<sup>2</sup> recently erupted lava field on the East Pacific Rise near lat 8°S, Geology, 17, 212–216, 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mankinen, E. A., J. M.Donnelly, C. S.Gromme, Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California, Geology, 6, 653–656, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McDonald, M. A., S. C.Webb, J. A.Hildebrand, B. D.Cornuelle, C. G.Fox, Seismic structure and anisotropy of the Juan de Fuca Ridge at 45°N, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4857–4888, 1994. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McManus, D. A., Blanco Fracture Zone, Northeast Pacific Ocean, Mar. Geol., 3, 429–455, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Melson, W. G., Preliminary results of a geophysical study of portions of the Juan de Fuca Ridge and Blanco Fracture ZoneESSA Tech. Memo. CandGSTM 6, 33Environ. Sci. Serv. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mutter, J. C., J. A.Karson, Structural processes at slow‐spreading ridges, Science, 257, 627–634, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mutter, J. C., R. S.Detrick, North Atlantic Transect group, Multichannel seismic evidence for anomalously thin crust at Blake Spur fracture zone, Geology, 12, 534–537, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Naidoo, D. D., J. R.Delaney, T.Juteau, A scarp map profile of upper oceanic crust at the west Blanco transform (WBT): Insights into magmatic accretion (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 7343, Fall Meet. Suppl., 502, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , OTTERJ. A.Karson, et al., The geology of the Oceanographer transform: The ridge‐transform intersection, Mar. Geophys. Res., 6, 109–141, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Palmer, J., J. R.Delaney, F. N.Spiess, Recent deep‐tow observations at the Blanco Fracture Zone‐Juan de Fuca Ridge intersection (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 68, 1492, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pariso, J. E., H. P.Johnson, Magnetic properties of an analog of the lower oceanic crust: Magnetic logging and paleomagnetic measurements from drillhole CY‐4 in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus Crustal Study Project: Initial ReportI. L.Gibson, J.Malpas, P. T.Robinson, C.Xenophontos, Hole CY‐4, 278–293Geol. Surv. of Can., Ottawa, Ont., 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pariso, J. E., H. P.Johnson, Alteration processes at Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program Hole 504B at the Costa Rica Rift: Implications for magnetization of oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11703–11722, 1991. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pariso, J. E., H. P.Johnson, Do lower crustal rocks record reversals of the Earth's magnetic field? Magnetic petrology of oceanic gabbros at Ocean Drilling Program Hole 735B, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16013–16032, 1993a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pariso, J. E., H. P.Johnson, Do Layer 3 rocks make a significant contribution to marine magnetic anomalies? In situ magnetization of gabbros at Ocean Drilling Program Hole 735B, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16033–16052, 1993b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Parker, R. L., The rapid calculation of potential anomalies, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 31, 447–455, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Parker, R. L., S. P.Huestis, The inversion of magnetic anomalies in the presence of topography, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1587–1593, 1974. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pearce, J. A., S. J.Lippard, S.Roberts, Characteristics and tectonic significance of suprasubduction zone (s.s.z) ophiolites, Marginal Basin GeologyB. P.Kokellar, M. F.Howell, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. London, 16, 77–94, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pedersen, L. B., A statistical analysis of potential fields using a vertical cylinder and a dike, Geophysics, 43, 943–953, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pilkington, M., J. P.Todoeschuck, Fractal magnetization of continental crust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 627–630, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Press, W. H., B. P.Flannery, S. A.Teukolsky, W. T.Vetterling, Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing, 818, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Raymond, C. A., J. L.LaBrecque, Magnetization of the oceanic crust: TRM or CRM?, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8077–8088, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schouten, H., C. R.Denham, Modeling the oceanic magnetic source layer, Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust, Maurice Ewing Ser., 2M.Talwani, C. G.Harrison, D. E.Hayes, 151–159, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schouten, H., K.McCamy, Filtering marine magnetic anomalies, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 7089–7099, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Severinghaus, J. P., K. C.Macdonald, High inside corners at ridge transform intersections, Mar. Geophys. Res., 9, 353–367, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smith, G. M., S. K.Banerjee, Magnetic structure of the upper kilometer of the marine crust at Deep Sea Drilling Project Hole 504B, eastern Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10337–10354, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Spiess, F. N., P.Lonsdale, Deep‐tow rise crest exploration techniques, Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 16, 67–75, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Swift, B. A., H. P.Johnson, Magnetic properties of the Bay of Islands ophiolite suite and implications for the magnetization of oceanic crust, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 3291–3308, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , Deep Drilling Results in the Atlantic Ocean: Ocean Crust, Maurice Ewing Ser., 2M.Talwani, C. G.Harrison, D. E.Hayes, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , Tamayo Tectonic TeamD.Gallo, W.Kidd, P.Fox, J.Karson, K.Macdonald, K.Crane, P.Choukroune, M.Seguret, R.Moody, K.Kastens, Tectonics at the intersection of the East Pacific Rise with the Tamayo transform fault, Mar. Geophys. Res., 6, 159–185, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Tivey, M. A., Fine‐scale magnetic anomaly field over the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge: Axial magnetization low and implications for crustal structure, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 4833–4855, 1994. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Tivey, M. A., H. P.Johnson, Variations in oceanic crustal structure and the implications for the fine‐scale magnetic anomaly signal, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1879–1882, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Tucholke, B. E., J.Lin, A geological model for the structure of ridge segment in slow spreading ocean crust, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11937–11958, 1994. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Vacquier, V., A machine method for computing the magnetization of a uniformly magnetized body from its shape and a magnetic survey, Benedum Earth Magnetism Symposium, 123–127Univ. of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Verosub, K., E.Moores, Tectonic rotations in extensional regimes and their paleomagnetic consequences for oceanic basalts, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 6335–6349, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Vine, F. J., D. H.Matthews, Magnetic anomalies over oceanic ridges, Nature, 199, 947–949, 1963. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Vine, F. J., E. M.Moores, Model for the gross structure, petrology, and magnetic properties of oceanic crust, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 182, 195–205, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | White, D. J., R. M.Clowes, Shallow crustal structure beneath the Juan de Fuca Ridge from 2‐D seismic refraction tomography, Geophys. J. Int., 100, 349–367, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Won, I. J., M. G.Bevis, Computing the gravitational and magnetic anomalies due to a polygon: Algorithms and Fortran subroutines, Geophysics, 52, 232–238, 1987. |
