| Автор | Kohlstedt, D. L. |
| Автор | Weathers, Maura S. |
| Дата выпуска | 1980 |
| dc.description | Deformation‐induced dislocation densities, subgrain sizes, and grain sizes in rocks from deeply eroded fault zones provide estimates of the differential stresses that existed when the faults were active. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the dislocation density, subgrain size, and grain size generated during steady state deformation depend primarily on the magnitude of the applied differential stress; temperature has only a minor influence on these three quantities through materials parameters such as the shear modulus. Theoretical arguments support these experimental results. Differential stresses in fault zones, determined from the empirical stress‐microstructure relations, lie in the range 40–200 MPa. In many fault zones, such as the Moine thrust zone in Scotland, the progressive development of the deformation‐induced microstructure can be observed, particularly in quartzites. Far from the fault surface, quartz grains are nearly equant but show undulatory extinction. As the central portion of the fault is approached, extinction remains undulatory as the grains become increasingly elongated (aspect ratios of 100∶1 are common) and recrystallized. Quartzites are often 100% recrystallized near the centers of fault zones. This progressive development of the microstructure indicates that recovery at low or zero stress has not erased information on the last tectonic event in the plastic deformation regime. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1980 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | Stress in the Lithosphere |
| Тема | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ROCKS |
| Тема | Physical Properties of Rocks: Elasticity, fracture, and flow |
| Тема | SEISMOLOGY |
| Тема | Tectonophysics: Structure of the lithosphere |
| Название | Deformation‐induced microstructures, paleopiezometers, and differential stresses in deeply eroded fault zones |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/JB085iB11p06269 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| Том | 85 |
| Первая страница | 6269 |
| Последняя страница | 6285 |
| Выпуск | B11 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ave'Lallemant, H. G., N. L.Carter, Syntectonic recrystallization of olivine and modes of flow in the upper mantle, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 81, 2203–2220, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bailey, J. E., P. B.Hirsch, The recrystallization process in some polycrystalline metals, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 267, 11–30, 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bak, J., J.Korstgard, K.Sørenson, A major shear zone within the Nagssugtoqidian of western Greenland, Tectonophysics, 27, 191–209, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bell, T. M., M. A.Etheridge, Microstructure of mylonites and their descriptive terminology, Lithos, 6, 337–348, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bell, T. M., M. A.Etheridge, The deformation and recrystallization of quartz in a mylonite zone, central Australia, Tectonophysics, 32, 235–267, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bilde‐Sörensen, J. B., Dislocation structures in creep‐deformed polycrystalline MgO, J. Amer. Ceram. Soc., 55, 606–610, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Burg, J. P., P.Laurent, Strain analysis of a shear zone in a granodiorite, Tectonophysics, 47, 15–42, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Christie, J. M., The Moine Thrust zone in the Assynt region, northwest Scotland, Univ. Calif. Los Angeles Publ. Geol. Sci., 40, 345–439, 1963. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Christie, J. M., A.Ord, Flow stress from microstructures of mylonites: Example and current assessment, J. Geophys. Res., 85B11, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cooper, R. F., D. L.Kohlstedt, Dislocation recovery in naturally deformed quartz, Eos Trans. AGU, 60, 370, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Durham, W. B., C.Goetze, B.Blake, Plastic flow of oriented single crystals of olivine, 2, Observations and interpretations of the dislocation structures, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5755–5570, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Escher, A., K.Sørensen, H. P.Zeck, Nagssugtoqidian mobile belt in west Greenland, Geology of GreenlandA.Escher, W. S.Watt, 76–103, Geological Survey of Greenland, Copenhagen, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Essman, U., H.Mughrabi, Annihilation of dislocations during tensile and cyclic deformation and limits of dislocation densities, Phil. Mag., 40, 731–756, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Etheridge, M. A., J. C.Wilkie, Grain size reduction, grain boundary sliding and the flow strength of mylonites, Tectonophysics, 58, 159–178, 1979a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Etheridge, M. A., J. C.Wilkie, The geometry and microstructure of a range of QP‐mylonite zones‐A field test of the recrystallized grain size paleopiezometer, Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in BedrockOpen File Rep. 79‐1239, 448–504U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1979b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glover, G., C. M.Sellars, Recovery and recrystallization during high‐temperature deformation of α‐iron, Met. Trans., 4, 765–775, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goetze, C., Sheared lherzolites: From the point of view of rock mechanics, Geology, 3, 172–173, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goetze, C., The mechanisms of creep in olivine, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 288, 99–119, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goetze, C., D. L.Kohlstedt, Laboratory studies of dislocation climb and diffusion in olivine, J. Geophys. Res., 78, 5961–5971, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Green, H. W., D. T.Griggs, J. M.Christie, Syntectonic and annealing recrystallization of fine grained quartz aggregates, Experimental and Natural Rock Deformation, 272–335, Springer, New York, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Grocott, J., The relationships between Precambrian shear belts and modern fault systems, J. Geol. Soc. London, 33, 257–262, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Guillope, M., J. P.Poirier, Dynamic recrystallization during creep of single crystalline halite: An experimental study, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 5557–5567, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Haasen, P., Physical Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hilliard, J. E., Optimum procedures for determining spatial parameters related to mechanical properties, Quantitative Relation Between Properties and MicrostructureD. G.Brandon, A.Rosen, 3–15, Israel University Press, Jerusalem, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hobbs, B. E., Recrystallization of single crystals of quartz, Tectonophysics, 6, 353–401, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hobbs, B. E., W. D.Means, P. F.Williams, An Outline of Structural Geology, 571, John Wiley, New York, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Houston, R., A regional study of rocks of Precambrian age in that part of the Medicine Bow Mountains lying in southeastern Wyoming, Wyo. Geol. Surv. Mem., 1, 1–167, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hsu, K. J., Granulites and mylonites of the region about Cucamonga and San Antonio Canyon, San Gabriel Mountains, California, Univ. Calif. Univ. Los Angeles Publ. Geol. Sci., 30, 223–352, 1955. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hüther, W., B.Reppich, Dislocation structure during creep of MgO single crystals, Phil. Mag., 28, 363–371, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kinsland, G. L., W. A.Bassett, Strength of MgO and NaCl polycrystals to confining pressures of 250 kbar at 25°C, J. Appl. Phys., 48, 978–985, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., Paleostress levels in deeply eroded fault zones based on analyses of deformation‐induced microstructures, Magnitude of Deviatoric Stresses in the Earth's Crust and Upper MantleOpen File Rep. 80‐625, 648–664U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., C.Goetze, Low‐stress high‐temperature creep in olivine single crystals, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2045–2051, 1974. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., C.Goetze, W. B.Durham, Experimental deformation of single crystal olivine with application to flow in the mantle, The Physics of Chemistry of Minerals and RocksR. G. J.Srens, 35–49, John Wiley, New York, 1976a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., C.Goetze, W. B.Durham, J.Vander Sande, New technique for decorating dislocations in olivine, Science, 191, 1045–1046, 1976b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., W. B.Durham, C.Goetze, High temperature creep of olivine, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 383–387American Society of Metals, New York, 1976c. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., R. F.Cooper, M. S.Weathers, J. M.Bird, Paleostress analysis of deformation‐induced microstructures: Moine thrust zone and Ikertoq shear zone, Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in BedrockOpen File Rep. 79‐1239, 394–425U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kohlstedt, D. L., H. P. K.Nichols, P.Hornack, The effect of pressure on the rate of dislocation recovery in olivine, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3122–3130, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McCormick, J. W., Transmission electron microscopy study of experimentally deformed synthetic quartz, Ph.D. thesis,, 171 pp.,Univ. of Calif.,Los Angeles,1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mercier, J.‐C. C., Magnitude of the continental lithospheric stresses inferred from rheomorphic petrology, J. Geophys. Res., 85B11, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mercier, J.‐C. C., D. A.Anderson, N. L.Carter, Stress in the lithosphere: Inferences from steady state flow of rocks, Pure Appl. Geophys., 115, 199–226, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nicolas, A., J. P.Poirier, Crystalline Plasticity and Solid State Flow in Metamorphic Rocks, John Wiley, New York, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Poirier, J. P., A.Nicolas, Deformation‐induced recrystallization due to progressive misorientation of subgrains, with special reference to mantle peridotites, J. Geol., 83, 707–720, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | PostJr., R. L., High‐temperature creep of Mt. Burnet dunite, Tectonophysics, 42, 75–102, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ricoult, D., Experimental annealing of a natural dunite, Bull. Mineral., 102, 86–91, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ross, J. V., H. G.Ave'Lallement, N. L.Carter, Stress dependence of recrystallized grains and subgrain size in olivine, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sandstrom, R., R.Lagneborg, A model for hot working occurring by recrystallization, Acta Met., 23, 387–398, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schoeck, G., Correlation between dislocation length and density, J. Appl. Phys., 33, 1745–1747, 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sellars, C. M., Recrystallization of metals during hot deformation, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 288, 147–158, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Takeuchi, S., A. S.Argon, Review: Steady state creep of singlephase crystalline matter of high temperatures, J. Mater. Sci., 11, 1542–1566, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Taylor, G. I., The mechanisms of plastic deformation in crystals, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 145, 362–404, 1934. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Toriumi, M., S. I.Karato, Experimental studies on the recovery process of deformed olivines and the mechanical state of the upper mantle, Tectonophysics, 49, 79–95, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Twiss, R. J., Theory and applicability of recrystallized grain size paleopiezometer, Pure Appl. Geophys., 11, 227–244, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Twiss, R. J., Static theory of size variation with stress for subgrains and dynamically recrystallized grains, Magnitude of Deviatoric Stresses in the Earth's Crust and Upper MantleOpen File Rep. 80‐625, 665–683U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Warner, L. A., The Colorado Lineament: A middle Precambrian wrench fault system, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 89, 161–171, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Watterson, J., Strain and strain rate gradients at the ductile levels of fault displacements, Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in BedrockOpen File Rep. 79‐1239, 235–257U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weathers, M. S., J. M.Bird, R. F.Cooper, D. L.Kohlstedt, Microstructure and stress analysis of the Mullen Creek‐Nash Fork shear zone, Analysis of Actual Fault Zones in BedrockOpen File Rep. 79‐1239, 426–447U.S. Geol. Surv., Menlo Park, Calif., 1979a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weathers, M. S., J. M.Bird, R. F.Cooper, D. L.Kohlstedt, Differential stresses determined from deformation‐induced microstructures of the Moine thrust zone, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7495–7509, 1979b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weathers, M. S., R. F.Cooper, J. M.Bird, D. L.Kohlstedt, Deformation‐induced microstructures in the Ralston Buttes‐Idaho Springs shear zone, Eos Trans. AGU, 60, 948, 1979c. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wells, J. D., D. M.Sheridan, A. L.Albee, Relationship of Precambrian quartziteschist sequence along Coal Creek to Idaho Springs Formation, Front Range, Colorado, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 454‐0, 25, 1964. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zeuch, D. H., H. W.Green, Experimental deformation of an “anhydrous” synthetic dunite, Bull. Mineral., 102, 185–187, 1979. |
