| Автор | Pratt, Thomas L. |
| Автор | Çoruh, Cahit |
| Автор | Costain, John K. |
| Автор | Glover, Lynn |
| Дата выпуска | 1988 |
| dc.description | A regional seismic reflection line (I‐64) across the Virginia Piedmont has provided a stacked section suitable for an integrated interpretation of geophysical data in the region. A highly reflective upper crust, an allochthonous Blue Ridge Province, underlying thrust sheets including the Blue Ridge master decollement, and a basal decollement at a depth of about 9 km (3 s) are confirmed on the seismic data. Immediately east of the Blue Ridge Province, Appalachian structures plunge to as much as 12 km (4 s) depth. The Evington Group, Hardware terrane, and Chopawamsic metavolcanic rocks (Carolina terrane) crop out in the Piedmont Province, and numerous eastward dipping reflections originate from these rocks in the subsurface. These eastward dipping reflectors overlie a gently west dipping (10°–15°), highly reflective zone that varies in depth from 1.5 s (4.5 km) beneath the Goochland terrane to 4 s (12 km) beneath the rocks of the Evington Group. Some of the overlying eastward dipping reflections apparently root in this zone. The zone may include decollement surfaces along which the overlying rocks were transported. Relatively few reflections originate from within autochthonous Grenville basement at the western end of the profile. The Goochland granulite terrane is interpreted to be a westward thrust nappe structure that has overridden a portion of the Chopawamsic metavolcanic rocks. A broad zone of east dipping (20°–45°) reflections bounds the Goochland terrane on the east. These reflections may originate from deformation zones and continue to Moho depths. They appear to be correlative with similar events seen on other Appalachian lines. The pervasiveness of the zone of east dipping events on other seismic reflection lines and the continuity of the adjacent Piedmont gravity high suggest continuity of crustal features along the length of the Appalachians. A major conclusion of this study is that crustal thinning is responsible for the main components of the gravity field in Virginia, that is, the Appalachian gravity gradient and the Piedmont gravity high. The crust thins from about 52 km beneath the Appalachian mountains to about 35 km beneath Richmond, Virginia, and then rethickens by up to 10 km beneath the zone of east dipping reflections (mylonites?) east of Richmond. The I‐64 seismic data also contain a sequence of reflections at about 9–12 s, indicative of lower crustal layering; the base of this zone of reflections coincides almost exactly with the Mohorovicic discontinuity interpreted from earlier refraction work. The layering extends about 70 km west from Richmond, Virginia, and is interpreted as a lower crustal transition zone that is believed to persist across most of Virginia. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1988 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS |
| Тема | Continental structures |
| Тема | GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION |
| Тема | Information Related to Geographic Region: North America |
| Название | A geophysical study of the Earth's crust in central Virginia: Implications for Appalachian crustal structure |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/JB093iB06p06649 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| Том | 93 |
| Первая страница | 6649 |
| Последняя страница | 6667 |
| Выпуск | B6 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ando, C. J., F. A.Cook, J. E.Oliver, L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, Crustal geometry of the Appalachian orogen from seismic reflection studies, Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 15, 83–101, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ando, C. J., et al., Crustal profile of mountain belt: COCORP deep seismic reflection profiling in New England Appalachians and implications for architecture of convergent mountain chains, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 68, 819–837, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bamford, D., C.Prodehl, Explosion seismology and the continental crust‐mantle boundary, J. Geol. Soc. London, 134, 139–151, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Behrendt, J. C., Interpretations from multichannel seismic‐reflection profiles of the deep crust crossing South Carolina and Georgia from the Appalachian mountains to the Atlantic Coast,U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud. Map, MF‐1656,1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Behrendt, J. C., Structural interpretation of multichannel seismic reflection profiles crossing the Southeastern United States and the adjacent continental margin‐Decollements, faults, Triassic(?) basins and Moho reflections, Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust, Geodyn. Ser., 14M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 201–214, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Birch, F., The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, part 1, J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1083–1102, 1960. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Birch, F., The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10 kilobars, part 2, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 2199–2224, 1961. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bland, A. E., W. H.Blackburn, Geochemical studies on the greenstones of the Atlantic seaboard volcanic province, south‐central Appalachians, Proceedings, The Caledonides in the USAD. R.Wones, Mem., 2, 263–270, Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bland, A. E., W. R.Brown, Evington Group (?) of the Arvonia District, Virginia: Rear‐arc sedimentation and volcanism, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 9, 120–121, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bobyarchick, A. R., L.GloverIII, Deformation and metamorphism in the Hylas zone and adjacent parts of the eastern Piedmont in Virginia, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 90, 739–752, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bollinger, G. A., M. S.Sibol, Seismicity, seismic reflection studies, gravity and geology of the central Virginia seismic zone, part I, Seismicity, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 49–57, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bonini, W. E., G. P.Woolard, Subsurface geology of North Carolina‐South Carolina Coastal Plain from seismic data, Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 44, 248–315, 1960. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bourland, W. C., Tectonogenesis in the Hylas zone and eastern Piedmont near Richmond, Virginia, M.S. thesis, 113 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Braile, L. W., C. S.Chaing, The continental Mohorovicic discontinuity: results from near‐vertical and wide‐angle seismic reflection studies, Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, Geod. Ser., 13M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 257–272, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brennan, J. L., Interpretation of Vibroseis reflections from within the Catoctin Formation of central Virginia, M.S. thesis, 95 p.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brewer, J. A., D. K.Smythe, MOIST and the continuity of crustal reflector geometry along the Caledonian‐Appalachian orogen, J. Geol. Soc. London, 141, 105–120, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, P. M., J. A.Miller, F. M.Swain, Structural and stratigraphic framework and spatial distribution of permeability of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 796, 79, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, W. R., Investigations of the sedimentary record in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge of Virginia, Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and SouthernG. W.Fisher, F. J.Pettijohn, J. C.Reed, K. N.Weaver, 335–349, Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Calver, J. L., Geologic map of Virginia, scale 1:500,000 ,Va. Div. of Miner. Res.,Charlottesville,1963. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Carts, D. A., G. A.Bollinger, A regional crustal velocity model for the southeastern United States, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 71, 1829–1847, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chapman, M. C., Seismic velocity structure of central Virginia, M.S. thesis, 146 pp.,Virginia Tech,Blacksburg,1979. (Also in, Publ. NUREG/CR‐, 1217, pp.1–133,U.S. Nucl. Reg. Comm.,Washington, D.C.,1980.). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chapman, M. C., G. A.Bollinger, Crustal thickness variation in Virginia derived from earthquake travel times, Earthquake Notes, 56, 71, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Colton, G. W., The Appalachian Basin‐Its depositional sequences and their geologic relationships, Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and SouthernG. W.Fisher, F. J.Pettijohn, J. C.Reed, K. N.Weaver, 5–47, Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Conley, J. F., Geology of the Piedmont of Virginia‐Interpretations and problems, Contributions to Virginia Geology, Publ. 7, III, 115–149, Va. Div. of Miner. Resour., Charlottesville, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, F. A., Geophysical anomalies along strike of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, Tectonics, 3, 45–61, 1984a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, F. A., Towards an understanding of the southern Appalachian Piedmont crustal transition‐A multidisciplinary approach, Tectonophysics, 109, 77–92, 1984b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, F. A., D. S.Albaugh, L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, J. E.Oliver, R. D.Hatcher, Thin‐skinned tectonics in the crystalline southern Appalachians; COCORP seismic‐reflection profiling of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont, Geology, 7, 563–567, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cook, F. A., L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, J. E.Oliver, T. A.Petersen, COCORP seismic reflection profiling of the Appalachian orogen beneath the Coastal Plain of Georgia, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 92, 738–748, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Çoruh, C., J. K.Costain, Noise attenuation by Vibroseis Whitening (VSW) processing, Geophysics, 48, 543–554, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Çoruh, C., J. K.Costain, R. D.HatcherJr., T. L.Pratt, R. T.Williams, R. A.Phinney, Results from regional vibroseis profiling: Appalachian ultra‐deep core hole site study, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 89, 147–156, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Durrant, J. M., J. F.Sutter, L.GloverIII, Evidence for an Alleghanian (Hercynian?) metamorphic event in the Piedmont Province near Richmond, Virginia, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 14, 176, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Espenshade, G. H., Geology of the northern part of the Blue Ridge anticlinorium, Studies of Appalachian Geology: Central and SouthernG. W.Fisher, F. J.Pettijohn, J. C.Reed, K. N.Weaver, 199–211, Wiley‐Interscience, New York, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Espenshade, G. H., J. W.Clarke, Geology of the Blue Ridge anticlinorium in northern Virginia, NE‐SE Sec. Joint Meeting Field Trip Guideb., 5, 26, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Evans, N. H., Late Precambrian to Ordovician metamorphism and orogenesis in the Blue Ridge and western Piedmont, Virginia Appalachians, Ph.D. dissertation, 313 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Farrar, S. S., The Goochland granulite terrane: remobilized Grenville basement in the eastern Virginia Piedmont, The Grenville Event in the Appalachians and Related TopicsM. J.Bartholomew, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 194, 15–227, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Farrar, S. S., Tectonic evolution of the easternmost Piedmont, North Carolina, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 363–380, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fitcher, L. S., R. J.Diecchio, Stratigraphic model for timing the opening of the proto‐Atlantic Ocean in northern Virginia, Geology, 14, 307–309, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fullagar, P. D., J. R.Butler, 325 to 265 M.Y.‐old granitic plutons in the Piedmont of the southeastern Appalachians, Am. J. Sci., 279, 161–185, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Furlong, K. P., D. M.Fountain, Continental crustal underplating: Thermal considerations and seismic‐petrologic consequences, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 8285–8294, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gates, A. E., L.GloverIII, Carboniferous dextral fault movement in the central Appalachian Piedmont: Evidence from the Hylas zone, VA (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 67, 376, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gates, A. E., C.Simpson, L.GloverIII, Appalachian Carboniferous dextral strike‐slip faults: An example from Brookneal, Virginia, Tectonics, 5, 119–133, 1986a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gates, A. E., J. A.Speer, T. L.Pratt, L.GloverIII, S. S.Farrar, J. K.Costain, Geological and geophysical evidence for upwelling in transcurrent fault zones, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 18, 610, 1986b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gibbs, A. K., Seismic reflection profiles of Precambrian crust: A qualitative assessment, Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust, Geodyn. Ser., 14M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 95–106, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gleason, R. J., Generalized geologic map of basement below Atlantic Coastal Plain, Evaluation and Targeting of Geothermal Energy Resources in the Southeastern United States, by J.K. Costain and L. Glover III, final report to the Dep. of Energy, May 1, 1976 June 30, 1982Rep. Va. Tech‐78ET‐27001‐12, 59–61National Technical Information Service, Department of Commerce, Springfield, Va., 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | GloverIII, L., D. G.Mose, F. B.Poland, A. R.Bobyarchick, W. C.Bourland, Grenville basement in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia: Implications for orogenic models, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 10, 169, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | GloverIII, L., D. G.Mose, J. K.Costain, F. B.Poland, J. M.Reilly, Grenville basement in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia: A progress report, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 14, 20, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | GloverIII, L., J. A.Speer, G. S.Russell, S. S.Farrar, Ages of regional metamorphism and ductile deformation in the central and southern Appalachians, Lithos, 16, 223–245, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Griscom, A., Tectonic significance of the Bouguer gravity field of the Appalachians, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 73, 163–164, 1963. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Grow, J. A., R. E.Mattick, J. S.Schlee, Multichannel seismic depth sections and interval velocities over outer continental shelf and upper continental slope between Cape Hatteras and Cape Cod, Geological and Geophysical Investigations of Continental MarginsJ. S.Watkins, L.Montadert, P. W.Dickerson, Mem. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol., 29, 65–83, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harris, L. D., K. C.Bayer, Sequential development of the Appalachian orogen above a master decollement‐A hypothesis, Geology, 7, 568–572, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harris, L. D., W.De WittJr., K. C.Bayer, Seismic‐reflection data in the central Appalachians, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 14, 23, 1982a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harris, L. D., W.De WittJr., K. C.Bayer, Interpretive seismic profile along interstate 1–64 from Valley and Ridge to the Coastal Plain in central Virginia, U.S. Geol. Surv. Oil Gas Invest. Chart, OC‐123, 1982b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hatcher, R. D., Tectonics of the western Piedmont and Blue Ridge, southern Appalachians: Review and speculation, Am. J. Sci., 278, 276–304, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hatcher, R. D., I.Zietz, Tectonic implications of regional aeromagnetic and gravity data from the southern Appalachians, Proceedings, The Caledonides in the USAD. R.Wones, Mem., 2, 235–244, Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hatcher, R. D., D. E.Howell, P.Talwani, Eastern Piedmont fault system: speculations on its extent, Geology, 5, 636–640, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Haworth, R. T., D. L.Daniels, H.Williams, andI.Zietz, Bouguer gravity map of the Appalachian orogen,Map 3a,Memorial University of Newfoundland,St. John's,1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hutchinson, D. R., J. A.Grow, K. D.Klitgord, Crustal structure beneath the southern Appalachians: Nonuniqueness of gravity modeling, Geology, 11, 611–615, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hutchinson, D. R., K. D.Klitgord, R. S.Detrick, Rift Basins of the Long Island platform, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 688–702, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Iverson, W. P., Comment on New COCORP profiling in the southeastern United States, Geology, 14, 362, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Iverson, W. P., S. B.Smithson, Reprocessed COCORP southern Appalachian reflection data: Root zone to Coastal Plain, Geology, 11, 422–425, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | James, D. E., T. J.Smith, J. S.Steinhart, Crustal structure of the Middle Atlantic states, J. Geophys. Res., 73, 1983–2008, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, S. S., Bouguer gravity in Virginia 36°30' to 39°30'N. 78°00' to 79°00'WRep. Invest. 27, 40Va. Div. of Miner. Resour., Charlottesville, 1971. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, S. S., Bouguer gravity in Virginia 36°30' to 38°52'30 N. 79°00' to 80°00'WRep. Invest. 29, 38Va. Div. of Miner. Resour., Charlottesville, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, S. S., Bouguer gravity northeastern Virginia and the eastern shore peninsulaRep. Invest. 32, 48Va. Div. of Miner. Resour., Charlottesville, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, S. S., Bouguer gravity in southeastern VirginiaRep. Invest. 39, 41Va. Div. of Miner. Resour., Charlottesville, 1975. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson, S. S., Gravity map of Virginia, scale 1:500,000 ,Va. Div. of Miner. Resour.,Charlottesville,1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Karner, G. D., A. B.Watts, Gravity anomalies and flexure of the lithosphere at mountain ranges, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 10449–10477, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Keller, M. R., E. S.Robinson, L.GloverIII, Seismicity, seismic reflection, gravity, and geology of the central Virginia seismic zone, part 3, Gravity, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 1580–1584, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Klemperer, S. L., T. A.Hauge, E. C.Hauser, J. E.Oliver, C. J.Potter, The Moho in the northern Basin and Range Province, Nevada, along the COCORP 40°N seismic‐reflection transect, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 603–618, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Long, L. T., The Carolina slate belt‐Evidence of a continental rift zone, Geology, 7, 180–184, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Matthews, D. H., M. J.Cheadle, Deep reflections from the Caledonides and Variscides west of Britain and comparison with the Himalayas, Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective, Geodyn. Ser., 13M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 5–19, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Meissner, R., T.Wever, Nature and development of the crust according to deep reflection data from the German Variscides, Reflection Seismology; A Global Perspective, Geodyn. Ser., 13M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 31–42, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mose, D. G., M. S.Nagel, Plutonic events in the Piedmont of Virginia, Southeast. Geol., 23, 25–37, 1982. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nelson, K. D., J. A.Arnow, J. H.McBride, J. H.Willemin, J.Huang, L.Zheng, J. E.Oliver, L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, New COCORP profiling in the southeastern United States, part 1, Late Paleozoic suture and Mesozoic rift basin, Geology, 13, 714–718, 1985a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nelson, K. D., J. H.McBride, J. A.Arnow, J. E.Oliver, L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, New COCORP profiling in the southeastern United States, part II, Brunswick and east coast magnetic anomalies, opening of the north‐central Atlantic Ocean, Geology, 13, 718–721, 1985b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nelson, K. D., J. H.McBride, J. A.Arnow, J. E.Oliver, L. D.Brown, S.Kaufman, Reply to comment on New COCORP profiling in the southeastern United States, Geology, 14, 363, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Okaya, D. A., Seismic profiling of the lower crust: Dixie Valley, Nevada, Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust, Geodyn. Ser., 14M.Barazangi, L.Brown, 269–279, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pavlides, L., The central Virginia volcanic‐plutonic belt: an island arc of Cambrian age, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1231‐A, 34, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Poland, F. B., Geology of the rocks along the James River between Sabot and Cedar Point, Virginia, M.S. thesis, 98 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and Sstate Univ.,Blacksburg,1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pratt, T. L., An integrated geophysical study of the Earth's crust in central Virginia, Ph.D. dissertation, 110 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ragland, P. C., R. D.Hatcher, E.Whittington, Juxtaposed Mesozoic diabase dike sets from the Carolinas: A preliminary assessment, Geology, 11, 394–399, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rankin, D. W., Appalachian salients and recesses: Late Precambrian continental breakup and the opening of the Iapetus ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5605–5619, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Reilly, J. M., A geologic and potential field investigation of the central Virginia Piedmont, M.S. thesis, 111 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Russell, G. S., J. A.Speer, C. W.Russell, The Portsmouth granite a 263 Ma postmetamorphic biotite granite beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain, Suffolk, Virginia, Southeast. Geol., 26, 81–93, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schamel, S., T.Hanley, J.Sears, Geology of the Pine Mountain window and adjacent terranes in the Piedmont Province of Alabama and Georgia, SE Sec. Field Trip Guidebook, 29th Annual Meeting, 69, Geol. Soc. of Am., Boulder, Colo., 1980. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | SecorJr., D. T., A. W.Snoke, K. W.Bramlett, O. P.Costello, O. P.Kimbrell, Character of the Alleghanian orogeny in the southern Appalachians, part I, Alleghanian deformation in the eastern Piedmont of South Carolina, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 1319–1328, 1986a. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Secor, D. T., A. W.Snoke, R. D.Dallmeyer, Character of the Alleghanian orogeny in the southern Appalachians, part III, Regional tectonic relations, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 97, 1345–1353, 1986b. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sibol, M. S., Network locational testing and velocity variations in central VirginiaRep. NUREG/CR‐3080, 71U.S. Nucl. Reg. Comm., Washington, D. C., 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smithson, S. B., R. A.Johnson, Nature of lower continental crust, Eos Trans. AGU, 67, 369, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Speer, J. A., S. W.Becker, S. S.Farrar, Field relations and petrology of the postmetamorphic, coarse‐grained granitoids and associated rocks of the southern Appalachian Piedmont, Proceedings, the Caledonides in the USAD. R.Wones, Mem., 2, 137–146, Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, 1979. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Swanson, M. T., Preexisting fault control for Mesozoic basin formation in eastern North America, Geology, 14, 419–422, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Talwani, M., J. L.Worzel, M.Landisman, Rapid gravity computations for two‐dimensional bodies with application to the Mendocino submarine fracture zone, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 49–59, 1959. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wehr, F., Geology of the Lynchburg Group in the Culpeper and Rockfish areas, Virginia, Ph.D. dissertation, 254 pp.,Va. Polytech. Inst. and State Univ.,Blacksburg,1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wehr, F., L.GloverIII, Stratigraphy and tectonics of the the Virginia‐North Carolina Blue Ridge: Evolution of a late Proterozoic‐early Paleozoic hinge zone, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 96, 285–295, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wernicke, B., Uniform‐sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere, Can. J. Earth Sci., 22, 108–125, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Williams, H., Tectonic lithofacies map of the Appalachian orogen,Map 1a,Mem. Univ. of Newfoundland,St. John's,1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zietz, I., J. L.Calver, S. S.Johnson, andJ. R.Kirby, Aeromagnetic map of Virginia, scale 1:500,000 ,U.S. Geol. Surv. Geophys. Inv. Map, GP‐915,1977. |
