| Автор | Crisp, Joy |
| Автор | Cashman, Katharine V. |
| Автор | Bonini, Jennifer A. |
| Автор | Hougen, Sarah B. |
| Автор | Pieri, David C. |
| Дата выпуска | 1994 |
| dc.description | During a 3‐week eruption in 1984, Mauna Loa produced vent lavas that increased in crystallinity from <1 to 30%, and 27‐km‐long flows that increased in crystallinity as they moved downstream. We examined the crystallization history of these lavas using crystal size distribution (CSD) analysis to study the rates of crystallization, viscosity increase, and latent heating. Typical average growth and nucleation rates were 5×10<sup>−9</sup> cm s<sup>−1</sup> and 5 cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for microphenocrysts (20‐ to 500‐μm size crystals nucleated in the rift zone) and 5×10<sup>−8</sup> cm s<sup>−1</sup> and 5 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for microlites (1‐ to 20‐μm size crystals nucleated in the channel). These crystallization rates are high compared with those found in other CSD studies of igneous rocks, probably due to highly nonequilibrium conditions brought on by rapid degassing in the rift zone and cooling in the lava channel. Growth and nucleation rates decreased with time at the vent and with distance downstream. The maximum downstream total crystallinity measured is 39% (25% microlites, 14% microphenocrysts) in a quenched sample 14 km from the vent. Growth and nucleation rates cannot be calculated for postemplacement samples, but they place upper limits of 53–58% on the amount of crystallization in the channel 9–20 km from the vent. Crystallization could have been mostly responsible for the 10<sup>5</sup>‐fold downstream increase in apparent viscosity, although degassing and increasing incorporation of solid lava fragments also contributed. Another effect of crystallization on the lava flow was the sizeable latent heating (0.01 J g<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> over the first half of the flow length, if the crystallinity of downstream quench samples is representative of the hot fluid core), which may have been counteracted by entrainment of cooler material. Measurements of crystallization are shown to be crucial in the study of lava flow emplacement dynamics. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1994 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY |
| Тема | Mineralogy, Petrology, and Rock Chemistry: Igneous petrology |
| Тема | VOLCANOLOGY |
| Тема | Lava rheology and morphology |
| Тема | General or miscellaneous |
| Название | Crystallization history of the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flow |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/93JB02973 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
| Том | 99 |
| Первая страница | 7177 |
| Последняя страница | 7198 |
| Выпуск | B4 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Baloga, S., J.Crisp, Simulations of lava flows on Mars (abstract), MEVTV working group meeting on the volcanic evolution of Mars, LPI Contrib., 660, 27–29, Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bagdassarov, N. S., D. B.Dingwell, A rheological investigation of vesicular rhyolite, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 40, 307–322, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bagdassarov, N. S., D. B.Dingwell, Frequency dependent rheology of vesicular rhyolite, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 6477–6487, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barnes, H. A., K.Walters, The yield stress myth?, Rheol. Acta, 24, 323–326, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Booth, B., S.Self, Rheological features of the 1971 Mount Etna lavas, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 274, 99–106, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Boyd, F. R., Welded tuffs and flows in the rhyolite plateau of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72, 387–426, 1961. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Carslaw, H. S., J. C.Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids2nd ed., 510, Oxford University Press, New York, 1959. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., Crystallization of Mount St. Helens 1980–1986 dacite: A quantitative approach, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 50, 194–209, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., Textural constraints on the kinetics of crystallization of igneous rocks, Modern Methods of Igneous Petrology: Understanding Magmatic ProcessesJ.Nicholls, J. K.Russell, Rev. Mineral., 24, 259–314, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., Groundmass crystallization of Mount St. Helens dacite, 1980–1986: A tool for interpreting shallow magmatic processes, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 109, 431–449, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., Relationship between plagioclase crystallization and cooling rate in basaltic melts, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 113, 126–142, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., B. D.Marsh, Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization, II, Makaopuhi lava lake, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 99, 292–305, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cashman, K. V., M. T.Mangan, S.Newman, Surface modification of vesicle size distributions in Kilauea basalt‐Implications for interpretation of vesicle distributions in lava flows (abstract, Eos Trans. AGU, 7343, Fall Meeting suppl., 629, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cheng, D. C.‐H., Further observations on the rheological behaviour of dense suspensions, Powder Technol., 37, 255–273, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chester, D. K., A. M.Duncan, J. E.Guest, C. R. J.Kilburn, Mount Etna: The Anatomy of a Volcano, 404, Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif., 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Crisp, J., S.Baloga, A model for lava flows with two thermal components, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1255–1270, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Crisp, J., S.Baloga, The influence of crystallization and entrainment on the emplacement of lava flows (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci., 23, 265–266, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dingwell, D. B., S. L.Webb, Structural relaxation in silicate melts and non‐Newtonian melt rheology in geologic processes, Phys. Chem. Miner., 16, 508–516, 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dvorak, J. J., A. T.Okamura, T. T.English, R. Y.Koyanagi, J. S.Nakata, M. K.Sako, W. T.Tanigawa, K. M.Yamashita, Mechanical response of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, to intrusive events along the rift systems, Tectonophysics, 124, 193–209, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Einarsson, T., The flowing lava. Studies of its main physical and chemical properties, The Eruption of Hekla 1947–1948T.Einarsson, G.Kjartansson, S.Thorarinsson, IV(3), 71, Visindafelg Islendinga, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1949. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Farris, R. J., Prediction of the viscosity of multimodal suspensions from unimodal viscosity data, Trans. Soc. Rheol., 12, 281–301, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fink, J. H., J.Zimbelman, Longitudinal variations in rheological properties of lavas: Puu Oo basalt flows, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Lava Flows and Domes. Emplacement Mechanisms and Hazard ImplicationsJ. H.Fink, 157–173, Springer‐Verlag, New York, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Frankel, N. A., A.Acrivos, On the viscosity of a concentrated suspension of solid spheres, Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 847–853, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gauthier, F., Field and laboratory studies of the rheology of Mount Etna lava, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 274, 83–98, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gay, E. C., P. A.Nelson, W. P.Armstrong, Flow properties of suspensions with high solids concentration, AIChE J., 15, 815–822, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ghiorso, M. S., Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes, I, Thermodynamic relations and numerical algorithms, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 90, 107–120, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ghiorso, M. S., I. S. E.Carmichael, Chemical mass transfer in magmatic processes, II, Applications in equilibrium crystallization, fractionation and assimilation, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 90, 121–141, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Greenland, L. P., Composition of gases from the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1350, 781–790, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Guest, I. E., C. R. J.Kilburn, H.Pinkerton, A. M.Duncan, The evolution of lava flow‐fields: Observations of the 1981 and 1983 eruptions of Mount Etna, Sicily, Bull. Volcanol., 49, 527–540, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | HeadIII, J. W., L.Wilson, Volcanic processes and landforms on Venus: Theory, predictions, and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 9407–9446, 1986. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Helz, R. T., C. R.Thornber, Geothermometry of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii, Bull. Volcanol., 49, 651–668, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Helz, R. T., M.Mangan, K.Hon, L.Simmons, Thermal history of the current Kilauean East Rift eruption, Eos Trans. AGU, 7244, Fall Meeting suppl., 557–558, 1991. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Heslop, S. E., L.Wilson, H.Pinkerton, J. W.HeadIII, Dynamics of a confined lava flow on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, Bull. Volcanol., 51, 415–432, 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hulme, G., G.Fielder, Effusion rates and rheology of lunar lavas, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 285, 227–234, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Juster, T., M. J.Defant, H.Jones, Stereological effects on crystal size distribution for orthorhombic and tetragonal crystals (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 7343, Fall Meeting suppl., 620, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kataoka, T., T.Kitano, M.Sasahara, K.Nishijima, Viscosity of particle filled polymer melts, Rheol. Acta, 17, 149–155, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kerr, R. C., J. R.Lister, The effects of shape on crystal settling and on the rheology of magmas, J. Geol., 99, 457–467, 1991. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kirkpatrick, R. J., Nucleation and growth of plagioclase, Makaopuhi and Alae lava lakes, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 88, 78–84, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kirkpatrick, R. J., Kinetics of crystallization of igneous rocks, Kinetics of Geochemical ProcessesA. C.Lasaga, R. J.Kirkpatrick, Rev. Mineral., 8, 321–398, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kitano, T., T.Kataoka, T.Shirota, An empirical‐equation of the relative viscosity of polymer melts filled with various inorganic fillers, Rheol. Acta, 20, 207–209, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lipman, P. W., N. G.Banks, Aa flow dynamics, Mauna Loa 1984, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1350, 1527–1567, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lipman, P. W., N. G.Banks, J. M.Rhodes, Gas‐release induced crystallization of 1984 Mauna Loa magma, Hawaii, and effects on lava rheology, Nature, 317, 604–607, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lockwood, J. P., N. G.Banks, T. T.English, L. P.Greenland, D. B.Jackson, D. J.Johnson, R. Y.Koyanagi, K. A.McGee, A. T.Okamura, J. M.Rhodes, The 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, Eos Trans. AGU, 66, 169–171, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lockwood, J. P., J. J.Dvorak, T. T.English, R. Y.Koyanagi, A. T.Okamura, M. L.Summers, W. R.Tanigawa, Mauna Loa 1974–1984: A decade of intrusive and extrusive activity, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1350, 537–570, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mangan, M. T., Crystal size distribution systematics and the determination of magma storage times: The 1959 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 44, 295–302, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mangan, M. T., K.Cashman, Vesiculation of basaltic magma during eruption — Low energy versus high energy events (abstract), Eos Trans. AGU, 7343, Fall Meeting suppl., 629, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mangan, M. T., K. V.Cashman, S.Newman, Vesiculation of basaltic magma during eruption, Geology, 21, 157–160, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Maron, S. H., P. E.Pierce, Application of Ree‐Eyring generalized flow theory to suspensions of spherical particles, J. Colloid Sci., 11, 80–95, 1956. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Marsh, B. D., On the crystallinity, probability of occurrence, and rheology of lava and magma, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 78, 85–98, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Marsh, B. D., Crystal size distribution (CSD) in rocks and the kinetics and dynamics of crystallization, I, Theory, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 99, 277–291, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McBirney, A. R., T.Murase, Rheological properties of magmas, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 12, 337–357, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Metzner, A. B., Rheology of suspensions in polymeric liquids, J. Rheol., 29, 739–775, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Moore, H. J., Preliminary estimates of the rheological properties of 1984 Mauna Loa lava, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1350, 1569–1588, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Moore, H. J., J. A.Ackerman, Martian and terrestrial lava flows (abstract), Lunar Planet. Sci., 20, 711–712, 1989. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Murase, T., A. R.McBirney, Properties of some common igneous rocks and their melts at high temperatures, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 3563–3592, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Murase, T., A. R.McBirney, W. G.Melson, The viscosity of the dome of Mount St. Helens, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 24, 193–204, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Naranjo, J. A., R. S. J.Sparks, M. V.Stasiuk, H.Moreno, G. J.Ablay, Morphological, structural and textural variations in the 1988–1990 andesite lava of Lonquimay Volcano, Chile, Geol. Mag., 129, 657–678, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Peck, D. L., Cooling and vesiculation of Alae lava lake, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 935‐B, 59, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pinkerton, H., R. S. J.Sparks, The 1975 sub‐terminal lavas, Mount Etna: A case history of the formation of a compound lava field, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 1, 167–182, 1976. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pinkerton, H., R. J.Stevenson, Methods of determining the rheological properties of magmas at sub‐liquidus temperatures, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 53, 47–66, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rhodes, J. M., Geochemistry of the 1984 Mauna Loa eruption: Implications for magma storage and supply, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 4453–4466, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Russ, J. C., Computer‐Assisted Microscopy: The Measurement and Analysis of Images, 216–217, Plenum Press, New York, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Russ, J. C., T. M.Hare, Measurement of edge‐intersecting features in SEM images, Proc. Annu. Conf. Microbeam Anal. Soc., 20, 133–136, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Russell, J. K., Crystallization and vesiculation of the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 13731–13743, 1987. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ryerson, F. J., H. C.Weed, A. J.Piwinskii, Rheology of subliquidus magmas I. Picritic compositions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3421–3436, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sato, K., K.Kashima, I.Sunagawa, Measurements of nucleation rates and real growth rates of plagioclase in a solution of basaltic composition, J. Jpn. Mineral. Petrol. Econ. Geol., 76, 294–307, 1981. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schowalter, W. R., C. E.Chaffey, H.Brenner, Rheological behavior of a dilute emulsion, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 26, 152–160, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shaw, H. R., Rheology of basalt in the melting range, J. Petrol., 10, 510–535, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shaw, H. R., Viscosities of magmatic liquids: An empirical method of prediction, Am. J. Sci., 272, 870–893, 1972. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shaw, H. R., D. A.Swanson, Eruption and flow rates of flood basalts, Proceedings of the 2nd Columbia River Basalts Symposium, 271–299Washington State College Press, Cheney, Wash., 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shaw, H. R., T. L.Wright, D. L.Peck, R.Okamura, The viscosity of basaltic magma: An analysis of field measurements in Makaopuhi lava lake, Hawaii, Am. J. Sci., 266, 225–264, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sibree, J. O., The viscosity of froth, Trans. Faraday Soc., 30, 325–331, 1934. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smith, J. E., M. L.Jordan, Mathematical and graphical interpretation of the log‐normal law for particle size distribution analysis, J. Colloid Sci., 19, 549–559, 1964. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sparks, R. S. J., H.Pinkerton, Effect of degassing on rheology of basaltic lava, Nature, 276, 385–386, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Spence, D. A., D. L.Turcotte, Magma‐driven propagation of cracks, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 575–580, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Spera, F. J., D. J.Stein, Rheological properties of martian magmas: Experiments and inferences (abstract), MEVTV Workshop on the Evolution of Magma Bodies on MarsP.Mouginis‐Mark, J.Holloway, LPI Tech. Rep. 90‐04, 54–55Lunar and Planet. Inst., Houston, Tex., 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Spera, F. J., A.Borgia, J.Strimple, M.Feigenson, Rheology of melts and magmatic suspensions, 1, Design and calibration of concentric cylinder viscometer with application to rhyolitic magma, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 10273–10294, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Stasiuk, M. V., C.Jaupart, R. S. J.Sparks, Influence of cooling on lava‐flow dynamics, Geology, 21, 335–338, 1993. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Stein, D. J., F. J.Spera, Rheology and microstructure of magmatic emulsions: Theory and experiments, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 49, 157–174, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sundstrom, D. W., Viscosity of suspensions in polymeric solutions, Rheol. Acta, 22, 420–423, 1983. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sura, V. M., P. C.Panda, Viscosity of porous glasses, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 73, 2697–2701, 1990. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Swanson, D. A., Pahoehoe flows from the 1969–1971 Mauna Ulu eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 615–626, 1973. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Taylor, G., The viscosity of a fluid containing small drops of another fluid, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 138, 41–48, 1932. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Valkó, P., M. J.Economides, Volume equalized constitutive equations for foamed polymer solutions, J. Rheol., 36, 1033–1055, 1992. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wegner, M. W., J. M.Christie, Preferential chemical etching of terrestrial and lunar olivines, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 43, 195–212, 1974. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wegner, M. W., J. M.Christie, General chemical etchants for microstructures and defects in silicates, Phys. Chem. Miner., 12, 90–92, 1985. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wegner, M. W., R. E.Jones, J. M.Christie, Exsolution in terrestrial and lunar plagioclases revealed by chemical etching, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 65, 283–291, 1978. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wildemuth, C. R., M. C.Williams, Viscosity of suspensions modeled with a shear‐dependent maximum packing fraction, Rheol. Acta, 23, 627–635, 1984. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wilson, L., J. W.HeadIII, Nature of local magma storage zones and geometry of conduit systems below basaltic eruption sites: Pu'u' O'o, Kilauea east rift, Hawaii, example, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 14785–14792, 1988. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wright, T. L., R. T.Okamura, Cooling and crystallization of tholeiitic basalt, 1965 Makaopuhi lava lake, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1004, 78, 1977. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wright, T. L., D. L.Peck, Crystallization and differentiation of the Alae magma, Alae lava lake, Hawaii, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 935‐C, 20, 1978. |
