Автор |
Hogg, Nelson G. |
Автор |
Katz, Eli J. |
Автор |
Sanford, Thomas B. |
Дата выпуска |
1978 |
dc.description |
As part of a field study of the relation between fine scale and large‐scale variations of water properties in the western North Atlantic, the waters in the vicinity of Bermuda were investigated in detail. Previous work in the area had revealed regions of intense temperature fine structure confined to the sides of the island. Generally quieter levels of activity elsewhere in the midocean have suggested that significant mixing might only occur at the solid and fluid boundaries of the ocean. During the course of our investigation, two Gulf Stream rings were found in the vicinity of the island. The exchange of water between them caused three regions of strong alongshore flow. In these three areas we find elevated levels of temperature fine structure in the upper 800 m as measured by the variance in the temperature gradient normalized by the square of the mean temperature gradient over the interval. The normalized temperature variances on small scales (0.2–1 m) are most energetic in patches tightly bound to the island sides, whereas the fine structure on larger scales (5–25 m) is also energetic away from the island in a region of outflow. Velocity profiles show that vertical scales shorten as one approaches the island, and the energy increases in the counterclockwise component. There is no correlation evident between the shear measurements of the internal wave field and the intensity of the fine structure. Possible mechanisms for the production of fine structure are explored within the context of these observations. |
Формат |
application.pdf |
Копирайт |
Copyright 1978 by the American Geophysical Union. |
Тема |
"Symposium on Oceanic Microstructures |
Тема |
OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL |
Тема |
Oceanography: Boundary layer and exchange processes |
Тема |
Oceanography: Internal waves |
Тема |
Oceanography: Turbulence and diffusion |
Название |
Eddies, islands, and mixing |
Тип |
article |
DOI |
10.1029/JC083iC06p02921 |
Electronic ISSN |
2156-2202 |
Print ISSN |
0148-0227 |
Журнал |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Том |
83 |
Первая страница |
2921 |
Последняя страница |
2938 |
Выпуск |
C6 |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Armi, L., R. C.MillardJr., The bottom boundary layer of the deep ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4983–4994, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Brown, N. L., A precision CTD microprofiler, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment, 2, 270–278, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Cacchione, D. A., C.Wunsch, Experimental study of internal waves on a slope, J. Fluid Mech., 66, 223–239, 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Crease, J., Velocity measurements in the deep water of the western North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 67, 3174–3176, 1962. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Davis, R. E., The two‐dimensional flow of a stratified flow over an obstacle, J. Fluid Mech., 36, 127–143, 1969. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Eriksen, C. C., Measurements and models of finestructure, internal gravity waves and wave breaking in the deep ocean, Ph.D. dissertation,Mass. Inst. of Technol./Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Joint Progr.,Woods Hole, Mass.,1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Flierl, G., Motions of tracer particles in Gulf Stream rings, Polymode News, 8, 1, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fofonoff, N. P., S. P.Hayes, R. C.MillardJr., WHOI/Brown CTD microprofiler: Methods of calibration and data handlingTech. Rep. 74‐89, 66Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Freeland, H. J., P. B.Rhines, T.Rossby, Statistical observations of the trajectories of neutrally buoyant floats in the North Atlantic, J. Mar. Res., 33, 383–404, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Garrett, C., W.Munk, Space‐time scale of internal waves, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 2, 225–254, 1972a. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Garrett, C., W.Munk, Oceanic mixing by breaking internal waves, Deep Sea Res., 19, 823–832, 1972b. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Garrett, C., W.Munk, Space‐time scales of internal waves: A progress report, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 291–297, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Gordon, A. L., D. T.Georgi, H. W.Taylor, Antarctic polar front zone in the western Scotia Sea—Summer 1975, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 309–328, 1977. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Gregg, M. C., Microstructure and intrusions in the California Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 5, 253–278, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Gregg, M. C., C. S.Cox, The vertical microstructure of temperature and salinity, Deep Sea Res., 19, 355–376, 1972. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hess, F., R.Nowak, Medium depth controllable towed instrument platform, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Engineering in the Ocean Environment, 187–191Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hogg, N. G., Steady flow past an island with applications to Bermuda, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 4, 55–81, 1972. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Iselin, C. O., The influence of vertical and lateral turbulence on the characteristics of the waters at middepths, Eos Trans. AGU, 20, 414–417, 1939. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Katz, E. J., Further study of a front in the Sargasso Sea, Tellus, 21, 259–269, 1969. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Katz, E. J., Profile of an isopycnal surface in the main thermocline of the Sargasso Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 3, 448–457, 1973. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Koshlyakov, M. N., Y. M.Grachev, Mesoscale currents at a hydrophysical Polygon in the tropical Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., 20, 507–526, 1973. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Lai, D. Y., P. L.Richardson, Distribution and movement of Gulf Stream rings, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 7, 670–683, 1977. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Leaman, K. D., T. B.Sanford, Vertical energy propagation of inertial waves: A vector spectral analysis of velocity profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 1975–1978, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Magnell, B., Salt fingers observed in the Mediterranean outflow region (34°N, 11°W) using a towed sensor, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 511–523, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
McCartney, M. S., L. V.Worthington, W. J.SchmitzJr., Large cyclonic rings from the northeast Sargasso Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 901–914, 1978. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Middleton, D., An Introduction to Statistical Communication Theory, 1140, McGraw‐Hill, New York, 1960. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Miles, J. W., Lee waves in a stratified flow, I, Thin barrier, J. Fluid Mech., 32, 549–567, 1968. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Muller, P., On the diffusion of momentum and mass by internal gravity waves, J. Fluid Mech., 77, 789–823, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Munk, W. H., Abyssal recipes, Deep Sea Res., 13, 707–730, 1966. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Neal, V. T., S.Neshyba, W.Denner, Thermal stratification in the Arctic Ocean, science, 166, 373–374, 1969. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Orlanski, I., K.Bryan, Formation of the thermocline step structure by large‐amplitude internal gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 6975–6983, 1969. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Osborn, T. R., C. S.Cox, Oceanic finestructure, Geophys. Fluid Dyn., 3, 321–345, 1972. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Prandtl, L., Essentials of Fluid Dynamics, Blackie, London, 1952. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rice, S. O., Mathematical analysis of random noise, III, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 24, 52–114, 1945. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Richman, J., C.Wunsch, N. G.Hogg, Space and time scales for mesoscale motion in the sea, Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 15, 385–420, 1977. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Robinson, A. R., H.Stommel, The oceanic thermocline and the associated thermohaline circulation, Tellus, 11, 295–308, 1959. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Ruddick, B. R., Observations of interaction between the internal wavefield and low frequency flows in the North Atlantic, Ph.D. dissertation,Mass. Inst. of Technol./Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Joint Progr.,Woods Hole, Mass.,1977. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Sanford, T. B., Observations of the vertical structure of internal waves, J. Geophys. Res., 80, 3861–3871, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Sanford, T. B., N. G.Hogg, The North Atlantic fine and microstructure cruise Knorr 52 and Eastward 75–12Tech. Rep. 77‐11Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1977. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Sanford, T. B., R. G.Drever, J. H.Dunlap, The design and performance of a free‐fall electromagnetic velocity profiler (EMVP)Rep. 74‐76, 114Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Sanford, T. B., R. G.Drever, J. H.Dunlap, A velocity profiler based on the principles of geomagnetic induction, Deep Sea Res., 1978. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
SchmitzJr., W. J., Eddy kinetic energy in the deep western North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 4981–4982, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Smith, R. B., The generation of lee waves by the Blue Ridge, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 507–519, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Swallow, J. C., The Aries current measurements in the western North Atlantic, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 270, 451–460, 1971. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Welander, P., An advective model of the ocean thermocline, Tellus, 11, 309–318, 1959. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wiebe, P. H., P. B.Ortner, Biological evidence supporting the advective character of cold‐core rings, Polymode News, 8, 3, 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Williams, A. J., Salt fingers observed in the Mediterranean outflow, Science, 185, 941–943, 1974. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Williams, A. J., Images of ocean microstructure, Deep Sea Res., 22, 811–829, 1975. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Woods, J. D., R. L.Wiley, Billow turbulence and ocean microstructure, Deep Sea Res., 19, 87–121, 1972. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Worthington, L. V., On the North Atlantic Circulation, Johns Hopkins Oceanogr. Stud., 6, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md., 1976. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Worthington, L. V., W. R.Wright, North Atlantic Ocean Atlas of Potential Temperature and Salinity in the Deep Water, Including Temperature, Salinity and Oxygen Profiles From the Erika Dan Cruise of 1962, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Atlas Ser., 2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., 1970. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wunsch, C., Progressive internal waves on slopes, J. Fluid Mech., 35, 131–145, 1969. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wunsch, C., On oceanic boundary mixing, Deep Sea Res., 17, 293–301, 1970. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wunsch, C., Temperature microstructure on the Bermuda slope, with application to the mean flow, Tellus, 24, 350–367, 1972. |