| Автор | Nisbet, John S. |
| Автор | Kasha, John R. |
| Автор | Forbes, Gregory S. |
| Дата выпуска | 1990 |
| dc.description | In Part 1 of this paper, the data obtained at the time of the Thunderstorm Research International Project storm at the Kennedy Space Center on July 11, 1978, are discussed and analyzed in a model‐independent manner. Here the parameters of the electrical system that would be consistent with these observations are discussed. Three‐dimensional electrodynamic modeling of the thundercloud electrification allowed estimates to be made of the current moments and electrical power generated continuously throughout the evolution of the two cells of the storm that were studied. The evolution and configuration of the currents were consistent with the separation of an originally neutral ensemble of particles by gravity in the region of 7 km in the region close to the maximum of the updraft velocity. After about 370 s the effect of wind shears would have caused the particles to separate in the convective system of the cells. Rain did not appear to be the dominant charge carrier. The current moments generated were compared with the current moments transferred by intercloud and cloud‐to‐ground lightning. It is shown that for the southern cell, which produced a charge moment of about 8.4 (MC m), lightning utilized about 84% of the charge moment separated, while for the northern cell, which produced about 1.1 (MC m), this figure was approximately 60%. It was shown that the times of initiation and maximum electrical power generated corresponded best with the normalized mass above 7.5 km. It was deduced that the median diameter heavier particles had a fall velocity of about 3 m s<sup>−1</sup>. The generator currents, flash rates, cloud conductivities, and mean charge per flash were used to estimate the volume associated with the lower region of current divergence. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1990 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE |
| Тема | Cloud physics and chemistry |
| Тема | ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES |
| Тема | Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Atmospheric electricity |
| Тема | Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Lightning |
| Название | A case study of the Thunderstorm Research International Project storm of July 11, 1978 2. Interrelations among the observable parameters controlling electrification |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/JD095iD05p05435 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
| Том | 95 |
| Первая страница | 5435 |
| Последняя страница | 5445 |
| Выпуск | D5 |
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