| Автор | Zolensky, Michael E. |
| Автор | Mackinnon, Ian D. R. |
| Дата выпуска | 1985 |
| dc.description | The first representative chemical, structural, and morphological analysis of the solid particles from a single collection surface has been performed. This collection surface sampled the stratosphere between 17 and 19 km in altitude in the summer of 1981, and therefore before the 1982 eruptions of El Chichón. A particle collection surface was washed free of all particles with rinses of Freon and hexane, and the resulting wash was directed through a series of vertically stacked Nucleopore filters. The size cutoff for the solid particle collection process in the stratosphere is found to be considerably less than 1 μm. The total stratospheric number density of solid particles larger than 1 μm in diameter at the collection time is calculated to be about 2.7×10<sup>−1</sup> particles per cubic meter, of which approximately 95% are smaller than 5 μm in diameter. Previous classification schemes are expanded to explicitly recognize low atomic number material. With the single exception of the calcium‐aluminum‐silicate (CAS) spheres all solid particle types show a logarithmic increase in number concentration with decreasing diameter. The aluminum‐rich particles are unique in showing bimodal size distributions. In addition, spheres constitute only a minor fraction of the aluminum‐rich material. About 2/3 of the particles examined were found to be shards of rhyolitic glass. This abundant volcanic material could not be correlated with any eruption plume known to have vented directly to the stratosphere. The micrometeorite number density calculated from this data set is 5×10<sup>−2</sup> micrometeorites per cubic meter of air, an order of magnitude greater than the best previous estimate. At the collection altitude, the maximum collision frequency of solid particles >5 μm in average diameter is calculated to be 6.91×10<sup>−16</sup> collisions per second, which indicates negligible contamination of extraterrestrial particles in the stratosphere by solid anthropogenic particles. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1985 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Тема | ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE |
| Тема | Aerosols and particles |
| Тема | Volcanic effects |
| Тема | Pollution: urban and regional |
| Тема | INTERPLANETARY PHYSICS |
| Тема | Interplanetary dust |
| Тема | NATURAL HAZARDS |
| Тема | Atmospheric |
| Тема | OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL |
| Тема | Aerosols |
| Тема | PALEOCEANOGRAPHY |
| Тема | Aerosols |
| Тема | PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES |
| Тема | Planetology: Comets and Small Bodies: Dust |
| Тема | VOLCANOLOGY |
| Тема | Atmospheric effects |
| Название | Accurate stratospheric particle size distributions from a flat plate collection surface |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/JD090iD03p05801 |
| Electronic ISSN | 2156-2202 |
| Print ISSN | 0148-0227 |
| Журнал | Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
| Том | 90 |
| Первая страница | 5801 |
| Последняя страница | 5808 |
| Выпуск | D3 |
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