| Автор | Yang, Chih Ted |
| Дата выпуска | 1971 |
| dc.description | Use of the analogy of entropy in thermodynamics reveals two basic laws which govern the formation of all stream systems. The first law is the law of average stream fall, which states that under the dynamic equilibrium condition the ratio of average fall between any two different order streams in the same river basin is unity. The second law is the law of least rate of energy expenditure, which states that during the evolution toward its equilibrium condition a natural stream chooses its course of flow in such a manner that the rate of potential energy expenditure per unit mass of water along this course is a minimum. This minimum value depends on the external constraints applied to the stream. The concavity of a river basin is shown to be the determinative factor in the formation of a stream system. On the basis of Horton's law and the law of average stream fall, longitudinal stream profiles can be calculated. The agreement between observed data and the theories found in this study is excellent. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1971 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Название | Potential Energy and Stream Morphology |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/WR007i002p00311 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1944-7973 |
| Print ISSN | 0043-1397 |
| Журнал | Water Resources Research |
| Том | 7 |
| Первая страница | 311 |
| Последняя страница | 322 |
| Выпуск | 2 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Broscoe, A. J., Quantitative Analysis of Longitudinal Stream Profiles of Small WatershedsOffice Naval Res. Tech. Rep. 18, 73Columbia University, New York, 1959. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fok, Y. S., The law of stream elevations in stream morphology, Fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, 73, San Francisco, California, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Horton, R. E., Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 563, 275–370, 1945. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , Hydraulics Research Station, Hydraulics research 1966, report of the Hydraulics Research Station Steering Committee with the report of the Director of Hydraulics ResearchWallingford, Berkshire, England, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kennedy, J. F., P. D.Richardson, S. P.Sutera, Discussion on ‘Geometry of river channels’ by W. B. Langbein, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 90HY6, 332–341, 1964. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Langbein, W. B., Closure on ‘Geometry of river channels’ by W. B. Langbein, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 91HY3, 297–313, 1965. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Leopold, L. B., W. B.Langbein, The concept of entropy in landscape evolution, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 500‐A, 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Leopold, L. B., M. G.Wolman, River channel patterns: braided, meandering, and straight, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 282‐B, 1957. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lewis, G. N., M.Randall, Thermodynamics2K. S.Pitzer, L.Brewer, 91–92, McGraw‐Hill, New York, 1961. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Prigogine, I., Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes3, 147, John Wiley, New York, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Scheidegger, A. E., Some implications of statistical mechanics in geomorphology, Int. Ass. Sci. Hydrol. Bull., 91, 12–16, 1964. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Stall, J. B., Y. S.Fok, Hydraulic geometry of Illinois streamsWater Resour. Center Res. Rep. 15University of Illinois, UrbanaJuly, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Stall, J. B., C. T.Yang, Hydraulic geometry of 12 selected stream systems of the United StatesWater Resour. Center Res. Rep. 32University of Illinois, UrbanaJuly, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Strahler, A. N., Quantitative analysis of water‐shed geomorphology, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 386, 913–920, 1957. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Williams, H., Crater Lake, Crater Lake National Park and Vicinity, Oregon, 26 X 25 minute topographic map published by the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., 1956. |
