| Автор | Freeze, R. Allan |
| Дата выпуска | 1971 |
| dc.description | This paper presents an integrated analysis of flow through earth dams in which the entire porous domain is considered. The mathematical model provides a finite difference solution to two‐ or three‐dimensional problems involving transient or steady state flow in the saturated and unsaturated domains of nonhomogeneous, anisotropic dam sections. In general, the water table is not a streamline; in many zoned cross sections, a significant proportion of the stream tubes may take unsaturated flow routes for some part of their traverse. In addition, the position of the water table may be quite different from that determined from the classic saturated‐only analysis. Unsaturated flow components take on greater importance in small dams rather than in large, in dams with sloping cores and downstream filter blankets rather than more homogeneous sections, and in the fine‐grained, well‐graded soils common to internal cores rather than in the more permeable and more uniform soils of the external sections. A simulation of the transient initial advance problem shows that the rate of growth of the saturated zone is highly dependent on the unsaturated properties of the soils and on the initial moisture contents. In the early stages of seepage following a rapid rise in the upstream reservoir level, inflow rates into the dam may be as much as 100 times the steady state seepage rate. Consideration of the unsaturated zone in the analysis of seepage through earth dams involves added mathematical complexity and requires data on unsaturated soil properties that are not commonly available. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Копирайт | Copyright 1971 by the American Geophysical Union. |
| Название | Influence of the Unsaturated Flow Domain on Seepage Through Earth Dams |
| Тип | article |
| DOI | 10.1029/WR007i004p00929 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1944-7973 |
| Print ISSN | 0043-1397 |
| Журнал | Water Resources Research |
| Том | 7 |
| Первая страница | 929 |
| Последняя страница | 941 |
| Выпуск | 4 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | , Methods of Soil Analysis, part 1C. A.Black, 770, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, 1965. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bouwer, H., Unsaturated flow in ground‐water hydraulics, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 90HY5, 121–144, 1964. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Cedergren, H. R., Seepage, Drainage and Flow Nets, 489, John Wiley, New York, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chapman, T. G., Capillary effects in a two‐dimensional ground‐water flow system, Geotechnique, 10, 55–61, 1960. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | DeWiest, R. J. M., Free‐surface flow in homogeneous porous mediums, Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 127, 1045–1084, 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dicker, D., Transient free‐surface flow in porous media, Flow through Porous MediaR. J. M.DeWiest, 293–330, Academic, New York, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Freeze, R. A., Three‐dimensional, transient, saturated‐unsaturated flow in a groundwater basin, Water Resour. Res., 72, 347–366, 1971. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harr, M. E., Groundwater and Seepage, 315, McGraw‐Hill, New York, 1962. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hornberger, G. M., I.Remson, A. A.Fungaroli, Numeric studies of a composite soil moisture ground‐water system, Water Resour. Res., 54, 797–802, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jeppson, R. W., Seepage through dams in the complex potential plane, J. Irr. Drain. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 94IR1, 23–39, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Li, C. Y., Construction pore pressures in three earth dams, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 93SM2, 1–26, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Liakopoulos, A. C., Retention and distribution of moisture in soils after infiltration has ceased, Bull. Int. Ass. Sci. Hydrol., 10, 58–69, 1965. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Matyas, E. L., Air and water permeability of compacted soils, in Permeability and capillarity of soils, Amer. Soc. Test. Matter. STP, 417, 160–175, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mitchell, J. K., D. R.Hooper, R. G.Campanella, Permeability of compacted clays, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 91SM4, 41–66, 1965. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Neuman, S. P., P. A.Witherspoon, Finite‐element method of analyzing steady seepage with a free surface, Water Resour. Res., 63, 889–897, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Neuman, S. P., P. A.Witherspoon, Analysis of nonsteady flow with a free surface using the finite element method, Water Resour. Res., 73, 611–623, 1971. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Richtmyer, R. D., Difference Methods for Initial Value Problems, 101–104, Interscience, New York, 1957. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rubin, J., Theoretical analysis of two‐dimensional, transient flow of water in unsaturated and partly unsaturated soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 32, 607–615, 1968. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shaw, F. S., R. V.Southwell, Relaxation methods applied to engineering problems, 7, Problems relating to the percolation of fluids through porous materials, Proc. Roy. Soc., Ser. A, 178, 1–17, 1941. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Taylor, R. L., C. B.Brown, Darcy flow solutions with a free surface, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 93HY2, 25–33, 1967. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Verma, R. D., W.Brutsaert, Unconfined aquifer seepage by capillary flow theory, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 96HY6, 1331–1344, 1970. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Volker, R. E., Nonlinear flow in porous media by finite elements, J. Hydraul. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 95HY6, 2093–2114, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Youngs, E. G., Horizontal seepage through unconfined aquifers taking into account flow in the capillary fringe, in Water in the unsaturated zone, Proc. Wageningen Symp., 2, 897–905, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Gentbrugge, Belgium, 1969. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zienkiewicz, O. C., P.Mayer, Y. K.Cheung, Solution of anisotropic seepage by finite elements, J. Eng. Mech. Div., Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., 92EM1, 111–120, 1966. |
