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  • S2 discovered in comet
    Feldman Paul D. (1983-08-09)
    The recent approach of comet IRAS‐Araki‐Alcock (1983d) to within 5 million km of earth on May 11, 1983, was an unprecedented opportunity to study processes occurring within the coma close to the nucleus of a comet (Eos, ...
  • S³‐A spacecraft and experiment description
    Longanecker G. W.; Hoffman R. A. (1973-08-01)
    The Small Scientific Satellite, S3‐A (Explorer 45) was launched on November 15, 1971, from the San Marco Equatorial Range, Kenya, Africa, into an elliptical, equatorial orbit by a four‐stage Scout rocket. The satellite is ...
  • Sadami Matsushita 1920”1984
    Campbell Wallace H. (1984-06-12)
    Sadami Matsushita, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, died on March 15, 1984, less than a half year after being told that he had stomach cancer. He was born in Kyoto, Japan, on February 12, 1920, the only son ...
  • Safety goals for high‐hazard dams: Are dams too safe?
    Lave Lester B.; Resendiz‐Carrillo Daniel; Mcmichael Francis C. (1990-07)
    The 1977 National Dam Inspection Program determined that many high‐hazard dams in the United States were incapable of passing a probable maximum flood (PMF). Retrofitting these dams was estimated to cost at least $10 ...
  • SAGE II aerosol correlative observations: Profile measurements
    Osborn M. T.; Rosen J. M.; McCormick M. P.; Wang Pi‐Huan; Livingston J. M.; Swissler T. J. (1989-06-20)
    Profiles of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II aerosol extinction measurements are compared with dustsonde‐ and lidar‐derived aerosol extinction profiles during five correlative experiments between November ...
  • SAGE II aerosol data validation and initial data use: An introduction and overview
    Russell P. B.; McCormick M. P. (1989-06-20)
    Correlative sensors used in the SAGE II aerosol data validation program included two‐ and six‐channel dustsondes; ground‐based and airborne multiwavelength lidars; wire, ribbon, and related impactors; laser spectrometers; ...
  • SAGE II aerosol data validation based on retrieved aerosol model size distribution from SAGE II aerosol measurements
    Wang Pi‐Huan; McCormick M. P.; McMaster L. R.; Chu W. P.; Swissler T. J.; Osborn M. T.; Russell P. B.; Oberbeck V. R.; Livingston J.; Rosen J. M.; Hofmann D. J.; Grams G. W.; Fuller W. H.; Yue G. K. (1989-06-20)
    This paper describes an investigation of the comprehensive aerosol correlative measurement experiments conducted between November 1984 and July 1986 for the satellite measurement program of the Stratospheric Aerosol and ...
  • SAGE II aerosol validation: Selected altitude measurements, including particle micromeasurements
    Oberbeck Verne R.; Livingston John M.; Russell Philip B.; Pueschel Rudolf F.; Rosen James N.; Osborn Mary T.; Kritz Mark A.; Snetsinger Kenneth G.; Ferry Guy V. (1989-06-20)
    Correlative aerosol measurements taken at a limited number of altitudes during coordinated field experiments are used to test the validity of particulate extinction coefficients derived from limb path solar radiance ...
  • SAGE II inversion algorithm
    Chu W. P.; McCormick M. P.; Lenoble J.; Brogniez C.; Pruvost P. (1989-06-20)
    This paper provides a detailed description of the current operational SAGE II multichannel data inversion algorithm implemented at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. This algorithm is compared to an independently ...
  • SAGE II observations of a previously unreported stratospheric volcanic aerosol cloud in the northern polar summer of 1990
    Yue Glenn K.; Veiga Robert E.; Wang Pi‐Huan (1994-03-15)
    Analysis of aerosol extinction profiles obtained by the spaceborne SAGE II sensor reveals that there was an anomalous increase of aerosol extinction below 18.5 km at latitudes poleward of 50°N from July 28 to September 9, ...
  • SAGE II stratospheric density and temperature retrieval experiment
    Wang Pi‐Huan; McCormick M. P.; Chu W. P.; Lenoble J.; Nagatani R. M.; Chanin M. L.; Barnes R. A.; Schmidlin F.; Rowland M. (1992-01-20)
    This paper describes a stratospheric density and temperature retrieval experiment based on the solar occultation measurement of the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II). The entire retrieval analysis involves ...
  • SAGE program explores the Rio Grande rift
    Baldridge W. Scott; Jiracek George R. (1992-03-31)
    Last June and July, for the ninth consecutive summer, geophysics students from universities across the United States and around the world converged on Santa Fe, N.Mex., to participate in a unique geophysical field program ...
  • Sahel droughts and Enso dynamics
    Janicot Serge; Moron Vincent; Fontaine Bernard (1996-03-01)
    Correlations between summer Sahel rainfall and Southern Oscillation Index has increased during the last thirty years. At high frequency time scale (periods lower than 8 years), an intertropical Atlantic zonal divergent ...
  • Sailing ships for research
    Richman Barbara T. (1981-10-06)
    Motor‐assisted sailing ships for ocean research could perform as well as or better than many existing research vessels and could cut fuel consumption by 50–80%, according to a preliminary study by an ad hoc panel of the ...
  • Saint‐Santin radar observations of lower thermospheric storms
    Mazaudier C.; Bernard R. (1985-03-01)
    Incoherent scatter measurements of ion drift velocities obtained by Saint‐Santin ‐ Nancay radar have been used to study the lower thermospheric wind disturbances during geomagnetic storms. A storm‐time meridional circulation ...
  • Sakhalin earthquake renews concerns about seismic safety in the former Soviet Union
    Leith William (1995-06-27)
    On May 28,1995, a shallow, Ms = 7.6 earthquake struck the northeastern portion of Sakhalin Island, which lies north of Japan in the western part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Most of the oil town of Neftegorsk (Figure 1) was ...
  • Saline outflow from the Arctic Ocean: Its contribution to the deep waters of the Greenland, Norwegian, and Iceland seas
    Aagaard K.; Fahrbach E.; Meincke J.; Swift J. H. (1991-11-15)
    Since 1985 various investigators have proposed that Norwegian Sea deep water (NSDW) is formed by mixing of warm and saline deep water from the Arctic Ocean with the much colder and fresher deep water formed by convection ...
  • Salinity calculations from in situ measurements
    Perkin R. G.; Walker E. R. (1972-11-20)
    An approximation to the salinity‐conductivity relationship suitable for use on a small programmable electronic calculator is presented. The equations represent numerical fits to the experimental data of Brown and Allentoft ...
  • Salinity: Its definition and calculation
    Lewis E. L.; Perkin R. G. (1978-01-20)
    Salinity data used to trace water movement or compute density are normally derived from measurements of chlorinity or electrical conductivity, temperature, and pressure. The latter technique has a precision about 1 order ...
  • Salinity variations in the Connecticut River
    Meade Robert H. (1966-09)
    Salinity distributions in the lower Connecticut River, measured during the years 1934 through 1939, show the influence of at least three factors: river discharge, tide, and wind. Salinity near the mouth is rather sensitive ...