| Автор | Plath, Kathrin |
| Автор | Mlynarczyk-Evans, Susanna |
| Автор | Nusinow, Dmitri A. |
| Автор | Panning, Barbara |
| Дата выпуска | 2002 |
| dc.description | ▪ Abstract Dosage compensation in mammals is achieved by the transcriptional inactivation of one X chromosome in female cells. From the time X chromosome inactivation was initially described, it was clear that several mechanisms must be precisely integrated to achieve correct regulation of this complex process. X-inactivation appears to be triggered upon differentiation, suggesting its regulation by developmental cues. Whereas any number of X chromosomes greater than one is silenced, only one X chromosome remains active. Silencing on the inactive X chromosome coincides with the acquisition of a multitude of chromatin modifications, resulting in the formation of extraordinarily stable facultative heterochromatin that is faithfully propagated through subsequent cell divisions. The integration of all these processes requires a region of the X chromosome known as the X-inactivation center, which contains the Xist gene and its cis-regulatory elements. Xist encodes an RNA molecule that plays critical roles in the choice of which X chromosome remains active, and in the initial spread and establishment of silencing on the inactive X chromosome. We are now on the threshold of discovering the factors that regulate and interact with Xist to control X-inactivation, and closer to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie this complex process. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Annual Reviews |
| Копирайт | Annual Reviews |
| Название | XIST RNA AND THE MECHANISM OF X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION |
| DOI | 10.1146/annurev.genet.36.042902.092433 |
| Print ISSN | 0066-4197 |
| Журнал | Annual Review of Genetics |
| Том | 36 |
| Первая страница | 233 |
| Последняя страница | 278 |
| Аффилиация | Plath, Kathrin; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143; e-mail: kathrin@itsa.ucsf.edu smlynar@itsa.ucsf.edu meter@itsa.ucsf.edu bpanning@biochem.ucsf.edu |
