Автор | Craddock, Nick |
Автор | Hurles, Matthew E. |
Автор | Cardin, Niall |
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Автор | Holmes, Chris |
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Автор | Wain, Louise V. |
Автор | Yau, Chris |
Автор | Aerts, Jan |
Автор | Ahmad, Tariq |
Автор | Daniel Andrews, T. |
Автор | Arbury, Hazel |
Автор | Attwood, Anthony |
Автор | Auton, Adam |
Автор | Ball, Stephen G. |
Автор | Balmforth, Anthony J. |
Автор | Barrett, Jeffrey C. |
Автор | Barroso, Inês |
Автор | Barton, Anne |
Автор | Bennett, Amanda J. |
Автор | Bhaskar, Sanjeev |
Автор | Blaszczyk, Katarzyna |
Автор | Bowes, John |
Автор | Brand, Oliver J. |
Автор | Braund, Peter S. |
Автор | Bredin, Francesca |
Автор | Breen, Gerome |
Автор | Brown, Morris J. |
Автор | Bruce, Ian N. |
Автор | Bull, Jaswinder |
Автор | Burren, Oliver S. |
Автор | Burton, John |
Автор | Byrnes, Jake |
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Автор | Clee, Chris M. |
Автор | Coffey, Alison J. |
Автор | Connell, John M. C. |
Автор | Cooper, Jason D. |
Автор | Dominiczak, Anna F. |
Автор | Downes, Kate |
Автор | Drummond, Hazel E. |
Автор | Dudakia, Darshna |
Автор | Dunham, Andrew |
Автор | Ebbs, Bernadette |
Автор | Eccles, Diana |
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Автор | Elliot, Anna |
Автор | Emery, Paul |
Автор | Evans, David M. |
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Автор | Forty, Liz |
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Автор | Gibbs, Polly |
Автор | Gilbert, Paul |
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Автор | Gray, Emma |
Автор | Green, Elaine |
Автор | Groves, Chris J. |
Автор | Grozeva, Detelina |
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Автор | Hammond, Naomi |
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Автор | Howson, Joanna M. M. |
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Автор | Jain, Mahim |
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Автор | Johnson, Toby |
Автор | Jolley, Jennifer D. |
Автор | Jones, Ian R. |
Автор | Jones, Lisa A. |
Автор | Kirov, George |
Автор | Langford, Cordelia F. |
Автор | Lango-Allen, Hana |
Автор | Mark Lathrop, G. |
Автор | Lee, James |
Автор | Lee, Kate L. |
Автор | Lees, Charlie |
Автор | Lewis, Kevin |
Автор | Lindgren, Cecilia M. |
Автор | Maisuria-Armer, Meeta |
Автор | Maller, Julian |
Автор | Mansfield, John |
Автор | Martin, Paul |
Автор | Massey, Dunecan C. O. |
Автор | McArdle, Wendy L. |
Автор | McGuffin, Peter |
Автор | McLay, Kirsten E. |
Автор | Mentzer, Alex |
Автор | Mimmack, Michael L. |
Автор | Morgan, Ann E. |
Автор | Morris, Andrew P. |
Автор | Mowat, Craig |
Автор | Myers, Simon |
Автор | Newman, William |
Автор | Nimmo, Elaine R. |
Автор | Oâ Donovan, Michael C. |
Автор | Onipinla, Abiodun |
Автор | Onyiah, Ifejinelo |
Автор | Ovington, Nigel R. |
Автор | Owen, Michael J. |
Автор | Palin, Kimmo |
Автор | Parnell, Kirstie |
Автор | Pernet, David |
Автор | Perry, John R. B. |
Автор | Phillips, Anne |
Автор | Pinto, Dalila |
Автор | Prescott, Natalie J. |
Автор | Prokopenko, Inga |
Автор | Quail, Michael A. |
Автор | Rafelt, Suzanne |
Автор | Rayner, Nigel W. |
Автор | Redon, Richard |
Автор | Reid, David M. |
Автор | Renwick, Anthony |
Автор | Ring, Susan M. |
Автор | Robertson, Neil |
Автор | Russell, Ellie |
Автор | St Clair, David |
Автор | Sambrook, Jennifer G. |
Автор | Sanderson, Jeremy D. |
Автор | Schuilenburg, Helen |
Автор | Scott, Carol E. |
Автор | Scott, Richard |
Автор | Seal, Sheila |
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Автор | Simmonds, Matthew J. |
Автор | Smyth, Debbie J. |
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Автор | Zeggini, Eleftheria |
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Автор | Frayling, Timothy M. |
Автор | Lee, Charles |
Автор | McVean, Gil |
Автор | Munroe, Patricia B. |
Автор | Palotie, Aarno |
Автор | Sawcer, Stephen J. |
Автор | Scherer, Stephen W. |
Автор | Strachan, David P. |
Автор | Tyler-Smith, Chris |
Автор | Brown, Matthew A. |
Автор | Burton, Paul R. |
Автор | Caulfield, Mark J. |
Автор | Compston, Alastair |
Автор | Farrall, Martin |
Автор | Gough, Stephen C. L. |
Автор | Hall, Alistair S. |
Автор | Hattersley, Andrew T. |
Автор | Hill, Adrian V. S. |
Автор | Mathew, Christopher G. |
Автор | Pembrey, Marcus |
Автор | Satsangi, Jack |
Автор | Stratton, Michael R. |
Автор | Worthington, Jane |
Автор | Deloukas, Panos |
Автор | Duncanson, Audrey |
Автор | Kwiatkowski, Dominic P. |
Автор | McCarthy, Mark I. |
Автор | Ouwehand, Willem H. |
Автор | Parkes, Miles |
Автор | Rahman, Nazneen |
Автор | Todd, John A. |
Автор | Samani, Nilesh J. |
Автор | Donnelly, Peter |
Автор | The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium |
Дата выпуска | 2010 |
dc.description | Copy number variants (CNVs) account for a major proportion of human genetic polymorphism and have been predicted to have an important role in genetic susceptibility to common disease. To address this we undertook a large, direct genome-wide study of association between CNVs and eight common human diseases. Using a purpose-designed array we typed â ¼19,000 individuals into distinct copy-number classes at 3,432 polymorphic CNVs, including an estimated â ¼50% of all common CNVs larger than 500â base pairs. We identified several biological artefacts that lead to false-positive associations, including systematic CNV differences between DNAs derived from blood and cell lines. Association testing and follow-up replication analyses confirmed three loci where CNVs were associated with diseaseâ IRGM for Crohnâ s disease, HLA for Crohnâ s disease, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, and TSPAN8 for type 2 diabetesâ although in each case the locus had previously been identified in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based studies, reflecting our observation that most common CNVs that are well-typed on our array are well tagged by SNPs and so have been indirectly explored through SNP studies. We conclude that common CNVs that can be typed on existing platforms are unlikely to contribute greatly to the genetic basis of common human diseases. |
Формат | application.pdf |
Издатель | Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved |
Копирайт | Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved |
Название | Genome-wide association study of CNVs in 16,000 cases of eight common diseases and 3,000 shared controls |
Тип | ARTICLE |
DOI | 10.1038/nature08979 |
Print ISSN | 0028-0836 |
Журнал | Nature |
Том | 464 |
Первая страница | 713 |
Последняя страница | 720 |
Аффилиация | Attwood, Anthony; ; |
Аффилиация | McCarthy, Mark I.; ; |
Аффилиация | Ouwehand, Willem H.; ; |
Выпуск | 7289 |
1.052Мб
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Life Technologies; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; Roche Applied Science; Washington University in St Louis; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Analysis group: Agilent Technologies; Baylor College of Medicine; BGI-Shenzhen; Boston College; Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cardiff University, The Human Gene Mutation Database; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Cornell and Stanford Universities; European Bioinformatics Institute; European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Illumina; Johns Hopkins University; Leiden University Medical Center; Life Technologies; Louisiana State University; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics; US National Institutes of Health; Oxford University; Roche Applied Science; The Translational Genomics Research Institute; University of California, Santa Cruz; University of Chicago; University of Michigan; University of Montreal; University of Utah; University of Washington; Washington University in St Louis; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Yale and Stanford Universities; Structural variation group: BGI-Shenzhen; Boston College; Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Cornell and Stanford Universities; European Bioinformatics Institute; European Molecular Biology Laboratory; Illumina; Leiden University Medical Center; Life Technologies; Louisiana State University; US National Institutes of Health; Oxford University; Roche Applied Science; University of Michigan; University of Utah; University of Washington; Washington University in St Louis; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Yale and Stanford Universities; Exon pilot group: Baylor College of Medicine; Boston College; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cornell and Stanford Universities; European Bioinformatics Institute; US National Institutes of Health; Oxford University; University of California, Santa Cruz; University of Michigan; Washington University in St Louis; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Yale University; Samples and ELSI group; Scientific management; Writing group; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Altshuler, David; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Bentley, David R.; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Chakravarti, Aravinda; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.; Clark, Andrew G.; Center for Comparative and Population Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.; Collins, Francis S.; US National Institutes of Health, 1 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; De La Vega, Francisco M.; 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McVean, Gil A.; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Peltonen, Leena; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Schafer, Alan J.; Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.; Sherry, Stephen T.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Wang, Jun; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.; Wilson, Richard K.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Deiros, David; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Metzker, Mike; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Muzny, Donna; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Reid, Jeff; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Wheeler, David; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Wang, Jun; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Li, Jingxiang; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Jian, Min; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Li, Guoqing; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Li, Ruiqiang; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.; Liang, Huiqing; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Tian, Geng; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Wang, Bo; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Wang, Jian; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Wang, Wei; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Yang, Huanming; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Zhang, Xiuqing; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Zheng, Huisong; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Lander, Eric S.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Altshuler, David; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Ambrogio, Lauren; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Bloom, Toby; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Cibulskis, Kristian; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Fennell, Tim J.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Gabriel, Stacey B.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Jaffe, David B.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Shefler, Erica; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Sougnez, Carrie L.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Bentley, David R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gormley, Niall; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Humphray, Sean; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Kingsbury, Zoya; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Kokko-Gonzales, Paula; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Stone, Jennifer; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; McKernan, Kevin J.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Costa, Gina L.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Ichikawa, Jeffry K.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Lee, Clarence C.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Sudbrak, Ralf; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Lehrach, Hans; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Borodina, Tatiana A.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Dahl, Andreas; Deep Sequencing Group, Biotechnology Center TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47/49, 01307 Dresden, Germany.; Davydov, Alexey N.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Marquardt, Peter; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Mertes, Florian; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Nietfeld, Wilfiried; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Rosenstiel, Philip; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany.; Schreiber, Stefan; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel 24105, Germany.; Soldatov, Aleksey V.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Timmermann, Bernd; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Tolzmann, Marius; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Egholm, Michael; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Affourtit, Jason; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Ashworth, Dana; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Attiya, Said; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Bachorski, Melissa; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Buglione, Eli; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Burke, Adam; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Caprio, Amanda; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Celone, Christopher; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Clark, Shauna; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Conners, David; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Desany, Brian; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Gu, Lisa; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Guccione, Lorri; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Kao, Kalvin; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Kebbel, Andrew; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Knowlton, Jennifer; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Labrecque, Matthew; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; McDade, Louise; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Mealmaker, Craig; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Minderman, Melissa; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Nawrocki, Anne; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Niazi, Faheem; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Pareja, Kristen; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Ramenani, Ravi; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Riches, David; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Song, Wanmin; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Turcotte, Cynthia; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Wang, Shally; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Mardis, Elaine R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Wilson, Richard K.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Dooling, David; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Fulton, Lucinda; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Fulton, Robert; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Weinstock, George; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Burton, John; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Carter, David M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Churcher, Carol; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Coffey, Alison; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Cox, Anthony; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Palotie, Aarno; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM) of the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.; Quail, Michael; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Skelly, Tom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Stalker, James; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Swerdlow, Harold P.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Turner, Daniel; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; De Witte, Anniek; Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA.; Giles, Shane; Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Wheeler, David; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Bainbridge, Matthew; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Challis, Danny; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Sabo, Aniko; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Yu, Fuli; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Yu, Jin; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Wang, Jun; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Fang, Xiaodong; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Guo, Xiaosen; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Li, Ruiqiang; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.; Li, Yingrui; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Luo, Ruibang; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Tai, Shuaishuai; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Wu, Honglong; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Zheng, Hancheng; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Zheng, Xiaole; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Zhou, Yan; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Li, Guoqing; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Wang, Jian; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Yang, Huanming; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Marth, Gabor T.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Garrison, Erik P.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Huang, Weichun; US National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T W Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.; Indap, Amit; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Kural, Deniz; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Lee, Wan-Ping; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Fung Leong, Wen; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Quinlan, Aaron R.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Stewart, Chip; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Stromberg, Michael P.; Illumina, San Diego, California 92121, USA.; Ward, Alistair N.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Wu, Jiantao; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Lee, Charles; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Mills, Ryan E.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Shi, Xinghua; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Daly, Mark J.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; DePristo, Mark A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Altshuler, David; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Ball, Aaron D.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Banks, Eric; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Bloom, Toby; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Browning, Brian L.; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Cibulskis, Kristian; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Fennell, Tim J.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Garimella, Kiran V.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Grossman, Sharon R.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.; Handsaker, Robert E.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Hanna, Matt; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Hartl, Chris; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Jaffe, David B.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Kernytsky, Andrew M.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Korn, Joshua M.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Li, Heng; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Maguire, Jared R.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; McCarroll, Steven A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; McKenna, Aaron; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Nemesh, James C.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Philippakis, Anthony A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Poplin, Ryan E.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Price, Alkes; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Rivas, Manuel A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Sabeti, Pardis C.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.; Schaffner, Stephen F.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Shefler, Erica; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Shlyakhter, Ilya A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Center for Systems Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.; Cooper, David N.; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.; Ball, Edward V.; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.; Mort, Matthew; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.; Phillips, Andrew D.; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.; Stenson, Peter D.; Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.; Sebat, Jonathan; Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.; Makarov, Vladimir; Seaver Autism Center and Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.; Ye, Kenny; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.; Yoon, Seungtai C.; Seaver Autism Center and Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Clarke, Laura; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Flicek, Paul; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Cunningham, Fiona; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Herrero, Javier; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Keenen, Stephen; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Kulesha, Eugene; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Leinonen, Rasko; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; McLaren, William M.; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Radhakrishnan, Rajesh; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Smith, Richard E.; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Zalunin, Vadim; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Zheng-Bradley, Xiangqun; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Korbel, Jan O.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Stütz, Adrian M.; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Research Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.; Humphray, Sean; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Bauer, Markus; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Keira Cheetham, R.; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Cox, Tony; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Eberle, Michael; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; James, Terena; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Kahn, Scott; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Murray, Lisa; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Chakravarti, Aravinda; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.; Ye, Kai; Molecular Epidemiology Section, Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.; De La Vega, Francisco M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Fu, Yutao; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Hyland, Fiona C. L.; Life Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA.; Manning, Jonathan M.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; McLaughlin, Stephen F.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Peckham, Heather E.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Sakarya, Onur; Life Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA.; Sun, Yongming A.; Life Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA.; Tsung, Eric F.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Batzer, Mark A.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Konkel, Miriam K.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Walker, Jerilyn A.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Sudbrak, Ralf; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Albrecht, Marcus W.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Amstislavskiy, Vyacheslav S.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Herwig, Ralf; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Parkhomchuk, Dimitri V.; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany.; Sherry, Stephen T.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Agarwala, Richa; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Khouri, Hoda M.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Morgulis, Aleksandr O.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Paschall, Justin E.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Phan, Lon D.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Rotmistrovsky, Kirill E.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Sanders, Robert D.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Shumway, Martin F.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Xiao, Chunlin; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; McVean, Gil A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Auton, Adam; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Iqbal, Zamin; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Lunter, Gerton; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Marchini, Jonathan L.; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.; Moutsianas, Loukas; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.; Myers, Simon; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.; Tumian, Afidalina; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK.; Desany, Brian; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Knight, James; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Winer, Roger; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Craig, David W.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Beckstrom-Sternberg, Steve M.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Christoforides, Alexis; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Kurdoglu, Ahmet A.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Pearson, John V.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Sinari, Shripad A.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Tembe, Waibhav D.; The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA.; Haussler, David; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Hinrichs, Angie S.; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Katzman, Sol J.; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Kern, Andrew; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Kuhn, Robert M.; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Przeworski, Molly; Department of Human Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.; Hernandez, Ryan D.; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.; Howie, Bryan; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.; Kelley, Joanna L.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.; Cord Melton, S.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Li, Yun; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Anderson, Paul; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Blackwell, Tom; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Chen, Wei; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Cookson, William O.; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2, UK.; Ding, Jun; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Min Kang, Hyun; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Lathrop, Mark; Centre Nationale de Génotypage, Evry 91000, France.; Liang, Liming; Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Moffatt, Miriam F.; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2, UK.; Scheet, Paul; Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Sidore, Carlo; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Snyder, Matthew; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Zhan, Xiaowei; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Zöllner, Sebastian; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Awadalla, Philip; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Ste. Justine Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.; Cartwright, Reed A.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA.; Casals, Ferran; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de lâ Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 2W5, Canada.; Idaghdour, Youssef; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de lâ Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 2W5, Canada.; Keebler, Jonathan; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de lâ Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 2W5, Canada.; Stone, Eric A.; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de lâ Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 2W5, Canada.; Zilversmit, Martine; Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de lâ Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2L 2W5, Canada.; Jorde, Lynn; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Xing, Jinchuan; Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.; Eichler, Evan E.; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Aksay, Gozde; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Alkan, Can; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Hajirasouliha, Iman; Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.; Mardis, Elaine R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Chen, Ken; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Chinwalla, Asif; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Ding, Li; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Koboldt, Daniel C.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; McLellan, Mike D.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Dooling, David; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Weinstock, George; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Wallis, John W.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Wendl, Michael C.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Zhang, Qunyuan; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Albers, Cornelis A.; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.; Ayub, Qasim; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Balasubramaniam, Senduran; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Carter, David M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Chen, Yuan; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Conrad, Donald F.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Danecek, Petr; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T.; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.; Hu, Min; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Huang, Ni; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Hurles, Matt E.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Jin, Hanjun; Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, 194, Tongil-Lo, Eunpyung-Gu, Seoul 122-701, Korea.; Jostins, Luke; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Keane, Thomas M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Quang Le, Si; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Lindsay, Sarah; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Long, Quan; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; MacArthur, Daniel G.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Montgomery, Stephen B.; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.; Parts, Leopold; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Stalker, James; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Walter, Klaudia; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Xue, Yali; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Zhang, Yujun; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gerstein, Mark B.; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Snyder, Michael; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Abyzov, Alexej; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Balasubramanian, Suganthi; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Bjornson, Robert; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Du, Jiang; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Grubert, Fabian; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Habegger, Lukas; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Haraksingh, Rajini; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Jee, Justin; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Khurana, Ekta; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Lam, Hugo Y. K.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Leng, Jing; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Jasmine Mu, Xinmeng; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Urban, Alexander E.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Zhang, Zhengdong; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Li, Yingrui; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Luo, Ruibang; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Marth, Gabor T.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Garrison, Erik P.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Kural, Deniz; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Quinlan, Aaron R.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Stewart, Chip; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Stromberg, Michael P.; Illumina, San Diego, California 92121, USA.; Ward, Alistair N.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Wu, Jiantao; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Lee, Charles; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Mills, Ryan E.; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Shi, Xinghua; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Womenâ s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; McCarroll, Steven A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Banks, Eric; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; DePristo, Mark A.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Handsaker, Robert E.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Hartl, Chris; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Korn, Joshua M.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Li, Heng; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Nemesh, James C.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Sebat, Jonathan; Departments of Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.; Makarov, Vladimir; Seaver Autism Center and Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.; Ye, Kenny; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.; Yoon, Seungtai C.; Seaver Autism Center and Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.; Degenhardt, Jeremiah; Center for Comparative and Population Genomics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.; Kaganovich, Mark; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Clarke, Laura; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Smith, Richard E.; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Zheng-Bradley, Xiangqun; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Korbel, Jan O.; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Research Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.; Humphray, Sean; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Keira Cheetham, R.; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Eberle, Michael; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Kahn, Scott; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Murray, Lisa; Illumina Cambridge Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Nr Saffron Walden, Essex CB10 1XL, UK.; Ye, Kai; Molecular Epidemiology Section, Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands.; De La Vega, Francisco M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Fu, Yutao; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Peckham, Heather E.; Life Technologies, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA.; Sun, Yongming A.; Life Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA.; Batzer, Mark A.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Konkel, Miriam K.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Walker, Jerilyn A.; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; Xiao, Chunlin; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Iqbal, Zamin; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Desany, Brian; Roche Applied Science, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, Connecticut 06405, USA.; Blackwell, Tom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Snyder, Matthew; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Xing, Jinchuan; Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.; Eichler, Evan E.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Aksay, Gozde; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Alkan, Can; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Hajirasouliha, Iman; Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.; Hormozdiari, Fereydoun; Department of Computer Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.; Kidd, Jeffrey M.; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Chen, Ken; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Chinwalla, Asif; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Ding, Li; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; McLellan, Mike D.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Wallis, John W.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Hurles, Matt E.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Conrad, Donald F.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Walter, Klaudia; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Zhang, Yujun; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gerstein, Mark B.; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Snyder, Michael; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Abyzov, Alexej; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Du, Jiang; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Grubert, Fabian; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Haraksingh, Rajini; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Jee, Justin; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Khurana, Ekta; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Lam, Hugo Y. K.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Leng, Jing; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Jasmine Mu, Xinmeng; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Urban, Alexander E.; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Zhang, Zhengdong; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Bainbridge, Matthew; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Challis, Danny; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Coafra, Cristian; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Dinh, Huyen; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Kovar, Christie; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Lee, Sandy; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Muzny, Donna; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Nazareth, Lynne; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Reid, Jeff; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Sabo, Aniko; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Yu, Fuli; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Yu, Jin; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Marth, Gabor T.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Garrison, Erik P.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Indap, Amit; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Fung Leong, Wen; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Quinlan, Aaron R.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.; Stewart, Chip; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Ward, Alistair N.; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Wu, Jiantao; Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA.; Cibulskis, Kristian; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Fennell, Tim J.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Gabriel, Stacey B.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Garimella, Kiran V.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Hartl, Chris; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Shefler, Erica; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Sougnez, Carrie L.; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Wilkinson, Jane; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Clark, Andrew G.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gravel, Simon; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Grubert, Fabian; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.; Clarke, Laura; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Flicek, Paul; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Smith, Richard E.; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Zheng-Bradley, Xiangqun; European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK.; Sherry, Stephen T.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Khouri, Hoda M.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Paschall, Justin E.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Shumway, Martin F.; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Xiao, Chunlin; US National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; McVean, Gil A.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Katzman, Sol J.; Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Blackwell, Tom; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Mardis, Elaine R.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Dooling, David; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Fulton, Lucinda; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Fulton, Robert; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Koboldt, Daniel C.; The Genome Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA.; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Balasubramaniam, Senduran; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Coffey, Allison; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Keane, Thomas M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; MacArthur, Daniel G.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Palotie, Aarno; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM) of the University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00290, Finland.; Scott, Carol; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Stalker, James; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gerstein, Mark B.; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Balasubramanian, Suganthi; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.; Chakravarti, Aravinda; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Knoppers, Bartha M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Bustamante, Carlos D.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gharani, Neda; Coriell Institute, 403 Haddon Avenue, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Jorde, Lynn; Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.; Kaye, Jane S.; Centre for Health, Law and Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.; Kent, Alastair; Genetic Alliance, 436 Essex Road, London N1 3QP, UK.; Li, Taosha; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; McGuire, Amy L.; Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; McVean, Gil A.; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Ossorio, Pilar N.; Department of Medical History and Bioethics, University of Wisconsinâ Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.; Rotimi, Charles N.; US National Institutes of Health, Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, 12 South Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Su, Yeyang; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.; Toji, Lorraine H.; Coriell Institute, 403 Haddon Avenue, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA.; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Brooks, Lisa D.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Felsenfeld, Adam L.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; McEwen, Jean E.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Abdallah, Assya; The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC 20037, USA.; Juenger, Christopher R.; US Food and Drug Administration, 11400 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA.; Clemm, Nicholas C.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Collins, Francis S.; US National Institutes of Health, 1 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Duncanson, Audrey; Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.; Green, Eric D.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Guyer, Mark S.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Peterson, Jane L.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Schafer, Alan J.; Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, UK.; Abecasis, Gonçalo R.; Center for Statistical Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.; Altshuler, David; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02115, USA.; Auton, Adam; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.; Brooks, Lisa D.; US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.; Durbin, Richard M.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; Gibbs, Richard A.; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.; Hurles, Matt E.; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.; McVean, Gil A.; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK. (Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved., 2010)
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Nejentsev, Sergey; Howson, Joanna M. M.; Walker, Neil M.; Szeszko, Jeffrey; Field, Sarah F.; Stevens, Helen E.; Reynolds, Pamela; Hardy, Matthew; King, Erna; Masters, Jennifer; Hulme, John; Maier, Lisa M.; Smyth, Deborah; Bailey, Rebecca; Cooper, Jason D.; Ribas, Gloria; Campbell, R. Duncan; Clayton, David G.; Todd, John A.; Burton, Paul R.; Clayton, David G.; Cardon, Lon R.; Craddock, Nick; Deloukas, Panos; Duncanson, Audrey; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Samani, Nilesh J.; Todd, John A.; Donnelly, Peter; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Burton, Paul R.; Davison, Dan; Donnelly, Peter; Easton, Doug; Evans, David; Leung, Hin-Tak; Marchini, Jonathan L.; Morris, Andrew P.; Spencer, Chris C. A.; Tobin, Martin D.; Cardon, Lon R.; Clayton, David G.; Attwood, Antony P.; Boorman, James P.; Cant, Barbara; Everson, Ursula; Hussey, Judith M.; Jolley, Jennifer D.; Knight, Alexandra S.; Koch, Kerstin; Meech, Elizabeth; Nutland, Sarah; Prowse, Christopher V.; Stevens, Helen E.; Taylor, Niall C.; Walters, Graham R.; Walker, Neil M.; Watkins, Nicholas A.; Winzer, Thilo; Todd, John A.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Jones, Richard W.; McArdle, Wendy L.; Ring, Susan M.; Strachan, David P.; Pembrey, Marcus; Breen, Gerome; St Clair , David; Caesar, Sian; Gordon-Smith, Katherine; Jones, Lisa; Fraser, Christine; Green, Elaine K.; Grozeva, Detelina; Hamshere, Marian L.; Holmans, Peter A.; Jones, Ian R.; Kirov, George; Moskvina, Valentina; Nikolov, Ivan; Oâ Donovan, Michael C.; Owen, Michael J.; Craddock, Nick; Collier, David A.; Elkin, Amanda; Farmer, Anne; Williamson, Richard; McGuffin, Peter; Young, Allan H.; Nicol Ferrier, I.; Ball, Stephen G.; Balmforth, Anthony J.; Barrett, Jennifer H.; Bishop, D. Timothy; Iles, Mark M.; Maqbool, Azhar; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Hall, Alistair S.; Braund, Peter S.; Burton, Paul R.; Dixon, Richard J.; Mangino, Massimo; Stevens, Suzanne; Tobin, Martin D.; Thompson, John R.; Samani, Nilesh J.; Bredin, Francesca; Tremelling, Mark; Parkes, Miles; Drummond, Hazel; Lees, Charles W.; Nimmo, Elaine R.; Satsangi, Jack; Fisher, Sheila A.; Forbes, Alastair; Lewis, Cathryn M.; Onnie, Clive M.; Prescott, Natalie J.; Sanderson, Jeremy; Mathew, Christopher G.; Barbour, Jamie; Khalid Mohiuddin, M.; Todhunter, Catherine E.; Mansfield, John C.; Ahmad, Tariq; Cummings, Fraser R.; Jewell, Derek P.; Webster, John; Brown, Morris J.; Clayton, David G.; Lathrop, G. Mark; Connell, John; Dominiczak, Anna; Samani, Nilesh J.; Braga, Carolina A.; Burke, Beverley; Dobson, Richard; Gungadoo, Johannie; Lee, Kate L.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Newhouse, Stephen J.; Onipinla, Abiodun; Wallace, Chris; Xue, Mingzhan; Caulfield, Mark; Farrall, Martin; Barton, Anne; Bruce, Ian N.; Donovan, Hannah; Eyre, Steve; Gilbert, Paul D.; Hider, Samantha L.; Hinks, Anne M.; John, Sally L.; Potter, Catherine; Silman, Alan J.; Symmons, Deborah P. M.; Thomson, Wendy; Worthington, Jane; Clayton, David G.; Dunger, David B.; Nutland, Sarah; Stevens, Helen E.; Walker, Neil M.; Widmer, Barry; Todd, John A.; Frayling, Timothy M.; Freathy, Rachel M.; Lango, Hana; Perry, John R. B.; Shields, Beverley M.; Weedon, Michael N.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hitman, Graham A.; Walker, Mark; Elliott, Kate S.; Groves, Christopher J.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Rayner, Nigel W.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Zeggini, Eleftheria; McCarthy, Mark I.; Newport, Melanie; Sirugo, Giorgio; Lyons, Emily; Vannberg, Fredrik; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Bradbury, Linda A.; Farrar, Claire; Pointon, Jennifer J.; Wordsworth, Paul; Brown, Matthew A.; Franklyn, Jayne A.; Heward, Joanne M.; Simmonds, Matthew J.; Gough, Stephen C. L.; Seal, Sheila; Stratton, Michael R.; Rahman, Nazneen; Ban, Maria; Goris, An; Sawcer, Stephen J.; Compston, Alastair; Conway, David; Jallow, Muminatou; Newport, Melanie; Sirugo, Giorgio; Rockett, Kirk A.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Bryan, Claire; Bumpstead, Suzannah J.; Chaney, Amy; Downes, Kate; Ghori, Jilur; Gwilliam, Rhian; Hunt, Sarah E.; Inouye, Michael; Keniry, Andrew; King, Emma; McGinnis, Ralph; Potter, Simon; Ravindrarajah, Rathi; Whittaker, Pamela; Withers, David; Deloukas, Panos; Leung, Hin-Tak; Nutland, Sarah; Stevens, Helen E.; Walker, Neil M.; Todd, John A.; Easton, Doug; Clayton, David G.; Burton, Paul R.; Tobin, Martin D.; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Evans, David; Morris, Andrew P.; Cardon, Lon R.; Cardin, Niall J.; Davison, Dan; Ferreira, Teresa; Pereira-Gale, Joanne; Hallgrimsdóttir, Ingeleif B.; Howie, Bryan N.; Marchini, Jonathan L.; Spencer, Chris C. A.; Su, Zhan; Ying Teo, Yik; Vukcevic, Damjan; Donnelly , Peter; Bentley, David; Brown, Matthew A.; Cardon, Lon R.; Caulfield, Mark; Clayton, David G.; Compston, Alistair; Craddock, Nick; Deloukas, Panos; Donnelly, Peter; Farrall, Martin; Gough, Stephen C. L.; Hall, Alistair S.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Mathew, Christopher G.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Parkes, Miles; Pembrey, Marcus; Rahman, Nazneen; Samani, Nilesh J.; Stratton, Michael R.; Todd, John A.; Worthington, Jane; The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; Management committee; Analysis committee; UK blood services and University of Cambridge controls; 1958 birth cohort controls; Bipolar disorder; Coronary artery disease; Crohnâ s disease; Hypertension; Rheumatoid arthritis; The Biologics in RA Genetics and Genomics Study Syndicate (BRAGGS) Steering Committee; Type 1 diabetes; Type 2 diabetes; Tuberculosis; Ankylosing spondylitis; Autoimmune thyroid disease; Breast cancer; Breast Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration (UK); Multiple sclerosis; Gambian controls; DNA, genotyping, data QC and informatics; Statistics; Primary investigators; Nejentsev, Sergey; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Howson, Joanna M. M.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Walker, Neil M.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Szeszko, Jeffrey; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Field, Sarah F.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Stevens, Helen E.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Reynolds, Pamela; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Hardy, Matthew; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; King, Erna; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Masters, Jennifer; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Hulme, John; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Maier, Lisa M.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Smyth, Deborah; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Bailey, Rebecca; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Cooper, Jason D.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Ribas, Gloria; MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK; Campbell, R. Duncan; MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK; Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK; Clayton, David G.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK; Todd, John A.; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK (Nature Publishing Group, 2007)
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Burton, Paul R.; Clayton, David G.; Cardon, Lon R.; Craddock, Nick; Deloukas, Panos; Duncanson, Audrey; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Samani, Nilesh J.; Todd, John A.; Donnelly, Peter; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Burton, Paul R.; Davison, Dan; Donnelly, Peter; Easton, Doug; Evans, David; Leung, Hin-Tak; Marchini, Jonathan L.; Morris, Andrew P.; Spencer, Chris C. A.; Tobin, Martin D.; Cardon, Lon R.; Clayton, David G.; Attwood, Antony P.; Boorman, James P.; Cant, Barbara; Everson, Ursula; Hussey, Judith M.; Jolley, Jennifer D.; Knight, Alexandra S.; Koch, Kerstin; Meech, Elizabeth; Nutland, Sarah; Prowse, Christopher V.; Stevens, Helen E.; Taylor, Niall C.; Walters, Graham R.; Walker, Neil M.; Watkins, Nicholas A.; Winzer, Thilo; Todd, John A.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Jones, Richard W.; McArdle, Wendy L.; Ring, Susan M.; Strachan, David P.; Pembrey, Marcus; Breen, Gerome; St Clair, David; Caesar, Sian; Gordon-Smith, Katherine; Jones, Lisa; Fraser, Christine; Green, Elaine K.; Grozeva, Detelina; Hamshere, Marian L.; Holmans, Peter A.; Jones, Ian R.; Kirov, George; Moskvina, Valentina; Nikolov, Ivan; O'Donovan, Michael C.; Owen, Michael J.; Craddock, Nick; Collier, David A.; Elkin, Amanda; Farmer, Anne; Williamson, Richard; McGuffin, Peter; Young, Allan H.; Ferrier, I. Nicol; Ball, Stephen G.; Balmforth, Anthony J.; Barrett, Jennifer H.; Bishop, D. Timothy; Iles, Mark M.; Maqbool, Azhar; Yuldasheva, Nadira; Hall, Alistair S.; Braund, Peter S.; Burton, Paul R.; Dixon, Richard J.; Mangino, Massimo; Stevens, Suzanne; Tobin, Martin D.; Thompson, John R.; Samani, Nilesh J.; Bredin, Francesca; Tremelling, Mark; Parkes, Miles; Drummond, Hazel; Lees, Charles W.; Nimmo, Elaine R.; Satsangi, Jack; Fisher, Sheila A.; Forbes, Alastair; Lewis, Cathryn M.; Onnie, Clive M.; Prescott, Natalie J.; Sanderson, Jeremy; Mathew, Christopher G.; Barbour, Jamie; Mohiuddin, M. Khalid; Todhunter, Catherine E.; Mansfield, John C.; Ahmad, Tariq; Cummings, Fraser R.; Jewell, Derek P.; Webster, John; Brown, Morris J.; Clayton, David G.; Lathrop, G. Mark; Connell, John; Dominiczak, Anna; Samani, Nilesh J.; Marcano, Carolina A. Braga; Burke, Beverley; Dobson, Richard; Gungadoo, Johannie; Lee, Kate L.; Munroe, Patricia B.; Newhouse, Stephen J.; Onipinla, Abiodun; Wallace, Chris; Xue, Mingzhan; Caulfield, Mark; Farrall, Martin; Barton, Anne; and Genomics (BRAGGS), The Biologics in RA Genetics; Bruce, Ian N.; Donovan, Hannah; Eyre, Steve; Gilbert, Paul D.; Hider, Samantha L.; Hinks, Anne M.; John, Sally L.; Potter, Catherine; Silman, Alan J.; Symmons, Deborah P. M.; Thomson, Wendy; Worthington, Jane; Clayton, David G.; Dunger, David B.; Nutland, Sarah; Stevens, Helen E.; Walker, Neil M.; Widmer, Barry; Todd, John A.; Frayling, Timothy M.; Freathy, Rachel M.; Lango, Hana; Perry, John R. B.; Shields, Beverley M.; Weedon, Michael N.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hitman, Graham A.; Walker, Mark; Elliott, Kate S.; Groves, Christopher J.; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Rayner, Nigel W.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Zeggini, Eleftheria; McCarthy, Mark I.; Newport, Melanie; Sirugo, Giorgio; Lyons, Emily; Vannberg, Fredrik; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Bradbury, Linda A.; Farrar, Claire; Pointon, Jennifer J.; Wordsworth, Paul; Brown, Matthew A.; Franklyn, Jayne A.; Heward, Joanne M.; Simmonds, Matthew J.; Gough, Stephen C. L.; Seal, Sheila; Susceptibility Collaboration (UK), Breast Cancer; Stratton, Michael R.; Rahman, Nazneen; Ban, Maria; Goris, An; Sawcer, Stephen J.; Compston, Alastair; Conway, David; Jallow, Muminatou; Newport, Melanie; Sirugo, Giorgio; Rockett, Kirk A.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Bumpstead, Suzannah J.; Chaney, Amy; Downes, Kate; Ghori, Mohammed J. R.; Gwilliam, Rhian; Hunt, Sarah E.; Inouye, Michael; Keniry, Andrew; King, Emma; McGinnis, Ralph; Potter, Simon; Ravindrarajah, Rathi; Whittaker, Pamela; Widden, Claire; Withers, David; Deloukas, Panos; Leung, Hin-Tak; Nutland, Sarah; Stevens, Helen E.; Walker, Neil M.; Todd, John A.; Easton, Doug; Clayton, David G.; Burton, Paul R.; Tobin, Martin D.; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Evans, David; Morris, Andrew P.; Cardon, Lon R.; Cardin, Niall J.; Davison, Dan; Ferreira, Teresa; Pereira-Gale, Joanne; Hallgrimsdóttir, Ingileif B.; Howie, Bryan N.; Marchini, Jonathan L.; Spencer, Chris C. A.; Su, Zhan; Teo, Yik Ying; Vukcevic, Damjan; Donnelly, Peter; Bentley, David; Brown, Matthew A.; Cardon, Lon R.; Caulfield, Mark; Clayton, David G.; Compston, Alistair; Craddock, Nick; Deloukas, Panos; Donnelly, Peter; Farrall, Martin; Gough, Stephen C. L.; Hall, Alistair S.; Hattersley, Andrew T.; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Kwiatkowski, Dominic P.; Mathew, Christopher G.; McCarthy, Mark I.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Parkes, Miles; Pembrey, Marcus; Rahman, Nazneen; Samani, Nilesh J.; Stratton, Michael R.; Todd, John A.; Worthington, Jane; The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; Management Committee; Data and Analysis Committee; UK Blood Services and University of Cambridge Controls; 1958 Birth Cohort Controls; Bipolar Disorder; Coronary Artery Disease; Crohnâ s Disease; Hypertension; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Type 1 Diabetes; Type 2 Diabetes; Tuberculosis; Ankylosing Spondylitis; Autoimmune Thyroid Disease; Breast Cancer; Multiple Sclerosis; Gambian Controls; DNA, Genotyping, Data QC and Informatics; Statistics; Primary Investigators (Nature Publishing Group, 2007)