The self-concept has emerged as an important component of organizational paradigms. This article reviews the conceptual meanings of self-esteem and self-efficacy, clarifies the relation-ship between the two perceptions of the self, and discusses how an understanding of them can lead to better organization management. An empirical examination explored the intervening role of organization-based self-esteem in the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and explored two outcomes-employees' job performance and job-related affect (job satisfaction). Organization-based self-esteem emerged as the stronger predictor of ratings of performance and employee satisfaction, and it appears to act as a mediator in the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and these employee responses. The managerial implications of these results are discussed.