| Автор | Beck, Angus J. |
| Автор | Johnston, A.E. “Johnny” |
| Автор | Jones, Kevin C. |
| Дата выпуска | 1993 |
| dc.description | AbstractDuring the last decade, it has been reported that groundwater, surface water, food crops, livestock, and human tissue have all been contaminated with organic chemicals. Although much of the early work focused on pesticides, more recent studies have shown that a wider range of anthropogenic organic chemicals, many of which are designated as priority pollutants, also have been detected. Clearly, the movement of these chemicals through soil governs their potential to be transferred into water courses and foodchains. This review presents an overview of recent advances in sorption/desorption and transport phenomena. Theories currently being invoked to explain the mechanisms of sorption/desorption are discussed and their classification and numerical characterization are described. Water movement and its implications for solute transport are discussed, with emphasis being placed on the importance of soil structure. Finally, the impact of intrinsic factors, such as spatial and temporal variability of weather and climate and the natural heterogeneity of soil physico‐chemical properties, and extrinsic factors, such as cultivation technique, sludge application, drainage, irrigation, and crop residue disposal, on the persistence and movement of organic chemicals are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on behavior at the field scale and, whenever possible, recent examples from the literature are discussed. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Taylor & Francis Group |
| Копирайт | Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
| Тема | sorption |
| Тема | desorption |
| Тема | nonequilibrium |
| Тема | kinetics |
| Тема | partitioning |
| Тема | leaching |
| Тема | bypass flow |
| Тема | weather |
| Тема | cultivation |
| Тема | drainage |
| Тема | irrigation |
| Тема | sludge |
| Тема | crop residues |
| Название | Movement of nonionic organic chemicals in agricultural soils |
| Тип | research-article |
| DOI | 10.1080/10643389309388452 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1547-6537 |
| Print ISSN | 1064-3389 |
| Журнал | Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology |
| Том | 23 |
| Первая страница | 219 |
| Последняя страница | 248 |
| Аффилиация | Beck, Angus J.; Division of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University |
| Аффилиация | Johnston, A.E. “Johnny”; Institute of Arable Crops Research, Rothamsted Experimental Station |
| Аффилиация | Jones, Kevin C.; Division of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University |
| Выпуск | 3 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Adamson, A. W. 1976. Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, , 3rd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Andreini, M.S. and Steenhuis, T. S. 1990. Preferential paths of flow under conventional and conservation tillage. Geoderma, 46: 85 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barriuso, E., Baer, U. and Calvet, R. 1992. Dissolved organic matter and sorption‐desorption of dimefuron, atrazine and carbetamide by soils. J. Environ. Qual., 21: 359 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Beven, K. and Germann, P. 1982. Macropores and water flow in soils. Water Resour. Res., 18: 1311 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Biggar, J. W. and Nielson, D. R. 1976. Spatial variability of leaching characteristics of a field soil. Water Resour. Res., 12: 78 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bouma, J. 1990. Using morphometric expressions for macropores to improve soil physical analyses of field soils. Geoderma, 46: 3 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bouma, J. 1991. Influence of soil marcroporosity on environmental quality. Adv. Agron., 46: 1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bowman, B. T. 1984. Evaluation of some new tracers for soil water studies. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48: 987 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. 1977. Adsorption of parathion fenitrothion, methyl parathion and paraoxon by Na, Ca and Fe montmorillonite suspensions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 41: 514 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. 1983. Adsorption, desorption, soil mobility, aqueous persistence and octanol‐water partition coefficients of terbufos, terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part B., B18: 667 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. 1985a. Partitioning behaviour of insecticides in soil‐water systems. I. Adsorbent concentration effects. J. Environ. Qual., 14: 265 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bowman, B. T. and Sans, W. W. 1985b. Partitioning behaviour of insecticides on soil‐water systems. EL Desorption hysteresis effects. J. Environ. Qual., 14: 270 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Boyd, S. A., Iiangcan, J. and Lee, J.‐R. 1990. Sorption of nonionic organic chemicals by com residues from a no‐tillage field. J. Environ. Qual., 19: 734 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brusseau, M. L., Jessup, R. E. and Rao, P. S. C. 1991. Nonequilibrium sorption of organic chemicals: elucidation of rate‐limiting processes. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 134 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brusseau, M. L. and Rao, P. S. C. 1989. Sorption nonideality during organic contaminant transport in porous media. CRC Crit. Rev. Environ. Control, 1: 33 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brusseau, M. L. and Rao, P. S. C. 1990. Modelling solute transport in structured soils: a review. Geoderma, 46: 169 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brusseau, M. L. and Rao, P. S. C. 1991. Influence of sorbate structure on nonequilibrium sorption of organic compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 1501 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Caron, G., Suffet, I. H. and Belton, T. 1985. Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the environmental distribution of nonpolar organic chemicals. Chemosphere, 14: 993 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Castle, D. A., Mc Cunnall, J. and Tring, I. M. 1984. Field Drainage: Principles and Practices, London: Batsford Academic. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Kile, D. E., Brinton, D. I., Malcolm, R. L., Leenheer, J. A. and MacCarthy, P. 1987. Sorption of vapours of some organic liquids on soil humic acids and its relation to partitioning of organic compounds in soil organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol., 21: 1231 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Lee, J.‐R and Boyd, S. A. 1990. The surface area of soil organic matter. Environ. Sci. Technol., 224: 1164 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Lee, J.‐R and Boyd, S. A. 1992. Comment on “the surface area of organic matter,”. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 402 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Malcolm, R. L., Brinton, T. I. and Kile, D. E. 1986. Water solubility enhancement of some organic pollutants and pesticides by dissolved humic and fulvic acids. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 502 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Peters, L. J. and Freed, V. H. 1979. A physical concept of soil‐water equilibria for nonionic organic compounds. Science, 206: 831 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Peters, L. J. and Freed, V. H. 1981. Soil‐water equilibria for nonionic organic chemicals. Science, 213: 683 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Porter, P. E. and Schmedding, D. W. 1983. Partition equilibria of nonionic organic compounds between soil organic matter and water. Environ. Sci. Technol., 17: 227 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chiou, C. T., Shoup, T. D. and Porter, P. E. 1985. Mechanistic role of soil humus and minerals in the sorption of nonionic organic chemicals from aqueous and organic solutions. Org. Geochem., 8: 9 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dao, T. H. 1991. Field decay of wheat straw and its effects on metribuzin and S‐ethyl metribuzin sorption and elution from crop residues. J. Environ. Qual., 20: 203 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Darcy, H. 1856. Les Fontaines de la Ville de Dijon, Paris: Dalmont. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Davidson, J. M., Rao, P. S. C. and Nkedi‐Kizzo, P. 1983. “Physical processes influencing water and solute transport in soils”. In Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems, Edited by: Nelson, D. W., Elrick, D. E. and Tanji, K. K. 35Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Di Toro, D. M. and Horzempa, L. M. 1982. Reversible and resistant components of PCB adsorption‐desorption isotherms. Environ. Sci. Technol., 16: 594 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Di Toro, D. M., Horzempa, L. M., Casey, M. M. and Richardson, W. J. 1982. Reversible and resistant components of PCB adsorption‐desorption: adsorbent concentration effects. Great Lakes Res., 8: 336 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Donigian, A. S. Jr. and Rao, P. S. C. 1987. “Overview of terrestrial processes and modelling”. In Vadoze Zone Modeling of Organic Pollutants, Edited by: Hern, S. C. and Melancon, S. M. 3Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dunnivant, F. M., Jardine, P. M., Taylor, D. L. and McCarthy, J. F. 1992. The co‐transport of cadmium and hexachlorobiphenyl by dissolved organic carbon through columns of aquifer material. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 360 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Edwards, W. M., Shipitalo, M. J., Owens, L. B. and Norton, L. D. 1990. Effect of Lumbricus terrestris L. Burrows on hydrology of continuous no‐till corn plots. Geoderma, 46: 73 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ehlers, W. 1975. Observations on earthworm channels and infiltration on tilled and untilled loess soil. Soil Sci., 119: 242 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Elabd, H., Jury, W. A. and Cliath, M. M. 1986. Spatial variability of pesticide adsorption parameters. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 256 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Enfield, C. G., Bengtsson, G. and Lindquist, R. 1989. Influence of macromolecules on chemical transport. Environ. Sci. Technol., 23: 1278 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Fermanich, K. J., Daniel, T. C. and Lowery, B. 1991. Microlysimeter soil columns for evaluating pesticide movement through the root zone. J. Environ. Qual., 20: 189 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Germann, D. E., Edwards, W. M. and Owens, L. B. 1984. Profile of bromide and increased soil moisture after irrigation into soils with macropores. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 48: 237 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Giles, C. H., McEwan, T. H., Nakhwa, S. N. and Smith, D. 1960. Studies in adsorption. J. Chem. Soc, VI: 3973 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Giles, C. H., D'Silva, A. P. and Easton, I. A. 1974. A general treatment and classification of the solute adsorption isotherm, II. J. Coll. Inter. Sci., 47: 766 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glass, R. J., Steenhuis, T. S. and Parlange, J.‐Y. 1987. Wetting front instability as a rapid and far reaching hydrological process. J. Contam. Hydol., 3: 207 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glass, R. J., Oosting, G. H. and Steenhuis, T. S. 1989. Preferential solute transport in layered homogeneous sands as a consequence of wetting front instability. J. Hydrol., 110: 87 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glotfelty, D. E. and Schomberg, C. J. 1989. “Volatilisation of pesticides from soils”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. 181Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Guenzi, W. D. and Beard, W. E. 1967. Movement and persistence of DDT and lindane in soil columns. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 31: 644 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Guerin, W. F. and Boyd, S. A. 1992. Differential bioavailability of soil‐sorbed naphthalene to two bacterial species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58: 1142 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Guetzloff, T. F. and Rice, J. A. in press. Does humic acid form a micelle?. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hamaker, J. W. and Thompson, J. M. 1972. “Adsorption”. In Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment, Edited by: Goring, C. A. I. and Hamaker, J. W. 49New York: Marcel Dekker. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harris, G. L. 1991. “Crop management strategies to minimise pesticide leaching”. In The Brimstone Experiment, Edited by: Catt, J. A. 55Harpenden, , U.K.: Lawes Agricultural Trust. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hartley, G. L. and Graham‐Bryce, I. J. 1980. Physical Principles of Pesticide Behaviour, Vol. 1, 236London: Academic Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hassett, J. P. and Millicic, E. 1985. Determination of equilibrium and rate constants for binding of a PCB congener by dissolved humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19: 638 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hayes, M. H. B., McCarthy, P., Malcolm, R. L. and Swift, R. S. 1989. Humic Substances II. In Search of Structure, New York: John Wiley & Sons. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hillel, D. and Baker, R. S. 1988. A descriptive theory of fingering during infiltration into layered soil. Soil Sci., 146: 51 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hutzler, N. J., Gierke, J. S. and Krause, L. C. 1989. “Movement of volatile organic chemicals in soils”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. 373Madison, WI: American Society for Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Isensee, A. R., Nash, R. G. and Helling, C. S. 1990. Effect of conventional vs. no‐tillage on pesticide leaching to shallow groundwater. J. Environ. Qual., 19: 434 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jacobs, L. W., O'Connor, G. A., Overcash, M. A., Zabik, M. J. and Rygiewicz, P. 1987. “Effects of trace organics in sewage sludges on soil‐plant systems and assessing their risk to humans”. In Land Application of Sludge, Edited by: Page, A. L., Logan, T. J. and Ryan, J. A. 101Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jardine, P. M., Weber, N. L. and McCarthy, J. F. 1989. Mechanisms of dissolved organic carbon adsorption on soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 53: 1378 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jardine, P. M., Wilson, G. V. and Luxmoore, R. J. 1990. Unsaturated solute transport through a forest soil during rain storm events. Geoderma, 46: 103 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones, K. C., Stratford, J. A., Tidridge, P., Waterhouse, K. S. and Johnston, A. E. 1989. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in an agricultural soil: long term changes in profile distribution. Environ. Pollut., 56: 337 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jones, R. L., Rourke, R. V. and Hansen, J. L. 1986. Effect of application methods on movement and degradation of aldicarb residues in Maine potato fields. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 5: 167 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jury, W. A. 1982. Simulation of solute transport using a transfer function model. Water Resour. Res., 18: 363 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jury, W. A., Elabd, H. and Resketo, M. 1986. Field study of napropamide movement through unsaturated soil. Water Resour. Res., 22: 749 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jury, W. A. and Ghodrati, M. 1989. “Overview of organic chemical environmental fate and transport modelling approaches”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. 271Madison, WI: American Society for Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kenaga, E. E. and Goring, C. A. I. 1980. “Relationship between water solubility, soil sorption, octanol water partitioning and concentration of chemicals in biota”. In Special Technical Publication 707, American Society for Testing and Materials. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kerler, F. and Schonherr, J. 1988. Accumulation of lipophilic chemicals in plant cuticles: prediction from octanaol/water partition coefficients. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 17: 1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kinniburgh, D. G. 1986. General purpose adsorption isotherms. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 895 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kladivko, E. J., Van Scoyoc, G. E., Monke, E. J., Oates, K. M. and Pask, W. 1991. Pesticide and nutrient movement into subsurface tile drains on a silt loam soil in Indiana. J. Environ. Qual., 20: 264 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Koskinen, W. C. and Cheng, H. H. 1983. Effects of experimental variables on 2,4,5‐T adsorption‐desorption in soil. J. Environ. Qual., 12: 325 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kung, K.‐J. S. 1990a. Preferential flow in a sandy vadoze zone. I. Field observations. Geoderma, 46: 51 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Kung, K.‐J. S. 1990b. Preferential flow in a sandy vadoze zone. II. Mechanisms and implications. Geoderma, 46: 59 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lafrance, P., Ait‐ssi, L., Banton, O., Campbell, P. G. C. and Villeneuve, J. P. 1988. Sorption of the pesticide aldicarb by soil: its mobility through a saturated medium in the presence of dissolved organic matter. Water Pollut. Res. J. Canada, 23: 253 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lam, V., Beck, A. J. and Jones, K. C. 1993. Movement of tracers and herbicides in a large undisturbed clay soil core, Division of Environmental Sciences, Lancaster University. unpublished data, |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Larsen, T., Christensen, T. H., Pfeffer, F. M. and Enfield, C. G. 1992. Landfill leachate effects on soiption of organic micropollutants onto aquifer materials. J. Contam. Hydrol., 9: 307 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lee, D.‐Y. and Farmer, W. J. 1989. Dissolved organic matter interactions with napropamide and four other nonionic pesticides. J. Environ. Qual., 18: 468 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Lee, D.‐Y., Farmer, W. J. and Aochi, Y. 1990. Sorption of napropamide on clay and soil in the presence of dissolved organic matter. J. Environ. Qual., 19: 567 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Madhun, J. C., Young, J. L. and Freed, V. H. 1986. Binding of herbicides by water soluble soil organic matter from soil. J. Environ. Qual., 14: 64 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Malcolm, R. L. 1993. “The concentration and composition of DOC in soils, streams and ground waters”. In Organic Substances in Soils and Water, Edited by: Beck, A. J., Jones, K. C., Hayes, M. H. B. and Mingelgrin, U. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. chap. 2 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McCarthy, J. F. 1993. “Subsurface transport of natural organic matter, implications to contaminant mobility”. In Organic Substances in Soils and Water, Edited by: Beck, A. J., Jones, K. C., Hayes, M. H. B. and Mingelgrin, U. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. chap. 8. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McCarthy, J. F. and Zachara, J. M. 1989. Subsurface transport of contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol., 23: 496 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | McDowell‐Boyer, L. M. 1992. Chemical mobilisation of micron‐sized particles in saturated porous media under steady flow conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 856 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Miller, C. T. 1987. Groundwater quality. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 59: 513 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mingelgrin, U. and Gerstl, Z. J. 1983. Re‐evaluation of partitioning as a mechanism of nonionic chemicals adsorption in soils. J. Environ. Qual., 12: 1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mingelgrin, U. and Prost, R. 1989. “Surface interactions of toxic organic chemicals with minerals”. In Toxic Organic Chemicals in Porous Media, Ecological Studies 73 Edited by: Gerstl, Z., Chen, Y., Mingelgrin, U. and Yaron, B. 112Berlin: Springer‐Verlag. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morgan, R. P. C. 1986. Soil Erosion and Conservation, Harlow, , U.K.: Longman. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nicholls, P. H. 1988. Factors influencing the entry of pesticides into soil water. Pestic. Sci., 22: 123 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nielsen, D. R. and Biggar, J. W. 1961. Miscible displacement in soils. I. Experimental information. Soil Sci. Soc. A. Proc., 25: 1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nielsen, D. R., Wierenga, P. J. and Biggar, J. W. 1983. “Spatial soil variability and mass transfers from agricultural soils”. In Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems, Edited by: Nelson, D. W., Elrick, D. E. and Tanji, K. K. 65Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Nkedi‐Kizza, P., Biggar, J. W., van Genuchten, M. Th., Wierenga, P. J., Seli, H. M., Davidson, J. M. and Nielsen, D. R. 1983. Modelling tritium and chloride 36 transport through an aggregated oxisol. Water Resour. Res., 19: 691 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ogram, A. V., Jessup, R. E., Ou, L. T. and Rao, P. S. C. 1985. Effects of sorption on biological degradation rates of acetic acid in soils. Environ. Microbiol., 49: 582 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pavlostathis, S. G. and Jaglal, K. 1991. Desorptive behaviour of trichloroethylene in contaminated soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25: 274 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pennell, K. D. and Rao, P. S. C. 1992. Comment on “the surface area of organic matter,”. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 402 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pennell, K. D., Rhue, R. D., Rao, P. S. C. and Johnston, C. T. 1992. Vapor‐phase sorption of p‐xylene and water on soils and clay minerals. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 756 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pidgeon, J. and Soane, B. 1977. Effects of tillage and direct drilling on soil properties. J. Agric. Sci., 88: 431 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. 1989. “Sorption dynamics of organic chemicals in soils and sediments”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. 271Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. 1990a. Slowly reversible sorption of aliphatic halocarbons in soils. I. Formation of residual fractions. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9: 1107 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. 1990b. Slowly reversible sorption of aliphatic halocarbons in soils. II. Mechanistic aspects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 9: 1116 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. 1991. “Competitive effects in the sorption of nonpolar organic compounds by soils”. In Organic Substances and Sediments in Water, Edited by: Baker, R. A. Vol. 1, Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers. chap. 16 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. 1993. “Recent advances in sorption kinetics”. In Organic Substances in Soils and Water, Edited by: Beck, A. J., Jones, K. C., Hayes, M. H. B. and Mingelgrin, U. Cambridge, , U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry. chap. 6. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pignatello, J. J. and Huang, L. Q. 1991. Sorptive reversibility of atrazine and metolachlor residues in field soil samples. J. Environ. Qual., 20: 222 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pilgrem, D. H., Huff, D. D. and Steel, D. T. 1978. A field evaluation of subsurface and surface runoff. J. Hydrol., 38: 319 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Powlesland, C. and Frost, R. 1990. “A methodology for undertaking BPEO studies of sewage sludge treatment and disposal”. In Water Research Centre Report No. PRD 2305‐M/1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Priebe, D. L. and Blackmer, A. M. 1989. Preferential movement of oxygen‐18‐labeled urea through macropores in a Nicollet soil. J. Environ. Qual., 18: 66 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Racke, K. D. and Lichenstein, E. P. 1987. Effects of agricultural practices on the binding and fate of parathion in soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health. Part B, B22: 1 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rao, P. S. C. and Davidson, J. M. 1980. “Estimation of pesticide retention and transformation parameters required in nonpoint source pollution models”. In Environmental Impact of Non‐Point Source Pollution, Edited by: Overcash, M. R. and Davidson, J. M. 23Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Publications. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rao, P. S. C. and Jessup, R. E. 1983. “Sorption and movement of pesticides and other toxic organic substances in soils”. In Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems, Edited by: Nelson, D. W., Elrick, D. E. and Tanji, K. K. 183Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Riederer, M. and Schonerr, J. 1985. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 9: 196 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Boyd, S. A., Iiangcan, J. and Lee, J.‐F. 1990. J. Environ. Qual., 19: 734 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rochus, W. and Sipos, S. 1978. Dir Micellbilding bei Huminstoffen. Agrochimitry, 22: 446 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Rutherford, D. W., Chiou, C. T. and Kile, D. E. 1992. Influence of organic matter composition on the partition of organic compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 336 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schonherr, J. and Reiderer, W. 1989. Foliar penetration and accumulation of organic chemicals in plant cuticles. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 108: 2 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schrap, S. M. 1992. Sorption of Organic Chemicals in Sediments, The Hague: CIP‐Gegevens Kon‐inklijke Bibliotheek. Ph.D. thesis, |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Schwarzenbach, R. P. and Westall, J. 1981. Transport of nonpolar organic compounds from surface water to groundwater. Environ. Sci. Technol., 15: 1360 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Scribner, S. L., Benzing, T. R., Sun, S. and Boyd, S. A. 1992. Desorption and bioavailability of aged simazine residues in soils from a continuous com field. J. Environ. Qual., 21: 115 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Seip, H. M., Alstad, J., Carlberg, G. E., Martinssen, K. and Skoane, R. 1986. Measurement of mobility of organic compounds in soils. Sci. Total Environ., 50: 87 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Senesi, N. 1993. “Nature of interactions between organic chemicals and dissolved humic substances and the influence of environmental factors”. In Organic Substances in Soils and Water, Edited by: Beck, A. J., Jones, K. C., Hayes, M. H. B. and Mingelgrin, U. Cambridge, , U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry. chap. 4. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Senesi, N. and Chen, Y. 1989. “Interactions of toxic organic chemicals with humic substances”. In Toxic Organic Chemicals in Porous Media, Ecological Studies 73 Edited by: Gerstl, Z., Chen, Y., Mingelgrin, U. and Yaron, B. 37Berlin: Springer‐Verlag. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Shirmohammadi, A., Magette, W. L., Brinsfield, R. B. and Staver, K. 1987. Groundwater loading of agrochemicals in the coastal plain region. ASAE Natl. Meet. 1987, St. Joseph, MI. paper no. 87–2632, |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smart, P. L. and Laidlaw, I. M. S. 1976. An evaluation of some fluorescent dyes for water tracing. Water Resour. Res., 13: 15 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Smettem, K. R. J. and Trudgill, S. T. 1983. An evaluation of some fluorescent and non‐fluorescent dyes in the identification of water transmission routes in soils. J. Soil Sci., 34: 43 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sparks, D. L. 1987. Kinetics of ionic reactions in clay minerals and soils. Adv. Agron., : 38 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sparks, D. L. 1989. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes, London: Academic Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Szecody, J. E. and Bales, R. C. 1989. J. Contam. Hydrol., 4: 181 (cited in Pignatello, 1993). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Traina, S. J., Spontak, D. A. and Logan, T. J. 1989. Effects of cations on complexation of naphthalene by water soluble organic carbon. J. Environ. Qual., 18: 221 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Tyler, D. D. and Thomas, G. W. 1981. Chloride movement in undisturbed soil columns. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45: 459 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Uchrin, C. 1986. Characterisation of the sorption of toxic and hazardous organic substances to ground‐water aquifer solids. Stud. Environ. Sci., 29: 663 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Van Genuchten, M. Th. and Jury, W. A. 1987. Progress in unsaturated flow and transport modeling. Rev. Geophys., 25: 135 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Van Genuchten, M. Th., Ralston, D. E. and Germann, P. F. 1990. Transport of water and solutes in macropores. Geoderma Special Ed., : 46 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Vinten, A., Yaron, B. and Nye, P. H. 1983. Vertical transport of pesticides into soil when adsorbed on suspended particles. J. Agric. Food Chew., 31: 662 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wang, Z., Gamble, D. S. and Langford, C. H. 1992. Interaction of atrazine with Laurentian soil. Environ. Sci. Technol., 26: 560 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wauchope, R. D. and Myers, R. S. 1985. Adsorption‐desorption kinetics of atrazine and linuron in freshwater sediment aqueous slurries. J. Environ. Qual., 14: 132 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weber, J. B. 1982. Ionisation and adsorption‐desorption of tricyclazole by soil organic matter, mont‐morillonite clay and Cape Fear sandy loam soil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 30: 584 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weber, J. B. and Miller, C. T. 1989. “Organic chemical movement over and through soil”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. 305Madison, WI: American Society for Agronomy. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weber, W. J. Jr., McGinley, P. M. and Katz, L. E. 1991. Sorption phenomena in subsurface systems: concepts, models and effects on contaminant fate and transport. Water Res., 25: 499 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Weber, W. J. Jr., McGinley, P. M. and Katz, L. E. in press. A distributed reactivity model for sorption by soils and sediments. I. Conceptual basis and equilibrium assessments. Environ. Sci. Technol., |
| Библиографическая ссылка | White, R. E. 1985. The influence of macropores on the transport of dissolved and suspended matter through soil. Adv. Soil Sci., 3: 95 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | White, R. E., Dyson, J. S., Gerstl, Z. and Yaron, B. 1986. Leaching of herbicides through undisturbed cores of structured clay soils. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50: 277 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wild, S. R. and Jones, K. C. 1992. Organic chemicals entering agricultural soils in sewage sludges: screening for their potential to transfer to crop plants and livestock. Sci. Total Environ., 119: 85 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wilson, G. V., Jardine, P. M., Luxmoore, R. J. and Jones, J. R. 1990. Hydrology of a forested hillslope during storm events. Geoderma, 46: 119 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wilson, J. T., Enfield, C. G., Dunlop, W. J., Cosby, R. L., Foster, D. A. and Baskin, L. B. 1981. Transport and fate of selected organic pollutants in a sandy soil. J. Environ. Qual., 10: 501 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wu, S. and Gschwend, P. M. 1986. Sorption kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds to natural sediments and soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., 20: 717 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wyman, J. A., Jensen, J. O., Curwen, D., Jones, R. L. and Marquardt, T. E. 1985. Effects of application procedures and irrigation on degradation and movement of aldicarb residues in soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 4: 641 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Zielke, R. C., Pinnavaia, T. J. and Mortland, M. M. 1989. “Adsorption and reactions of selected organic molecules on clay mineral surfaces”. In Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Edited by: Sawhney, B. L. and Brown, K. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy. |
