| Автор | Bramard, Jennifer |
| Автор | Beck, Barbara D. |
| Дата выпуска | 1992 |
| dc.description | AbstractExposure to petroleum constituents at contaminated sites may occur through a variety of pathways, including inhalation of vapors and particulates, ingestion of water and soils, and dermal contact with water and soils. Accurately assessing the human health risks from such exposures requires information on the medium‐ and route‐specific bioavailability of petroleum constituents (e.g., how well these chemicals enter the body via the gastrointestinal tract and skin). For example, when the medium or exposure route in an animal toxicity assay (e.g., ingestion of water) differs from the actual route of human exposure at the petroleum contaminated site (e.g., dermal contact with soil), adjustments should be made that reflect the relative bioavailability of the chemical in the different media. The focus of this article is on (1) the availability of oral and dermal absorption data for one PAH (benzo[a]pyrene, (B[a]P) and three VOCs in soil (benzene, toluene, and xylene); (2) factors affecting the uptake of these PAHs and VOCs from soil; and (3) ways to incorporate bioavailability data into human health risk assessments. Based on our review, we recommend the following default values for the oral and dermal absorption of B[a]P, benzene, toluene, and xylene from soil: Site‐specific information such as chemical concentrations in soil, soil characteristics, soil loadings on the skin, contact site, and contact time could result in modifications of these numbers. As shown, our default absorption values are generally less than those recommended by the U.S. EPA (1991a,b,c). The implications of these estimates of bioavailability for risk assessment and for the selection of soil cleanup levels at petroleum‐contaminated sites are discussed. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Taylor & Francis Group |
| Копирайт | Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
| Тема | B[a]P |
| Тема | benzene |
| Тема | toluene |
| Тема | xylene |
| Тема | bioavailability |
| Тема | absorption |
| Тема | soil |
| Тема | dermal |
| Тема | oral cleanup levels |
| Название | A review of the bioavailability of petroleum constituents |
| Тип | research-article |
| DOI | 10.1080/15320389209383417 |
| Print ISSN | 1058-8337 |
| Журнал | Journal of Soil Contamination |
| Том | 1 |
| Первая страница | 273 |
| Последняя страница | 307 |
| Аффилиация | Bramard, Jennifer; Gradient Corporation; TRC Environmental Corp. |
| Аффилиация | Beck, Barbara D.; Gradient Corporation |
| Выпуск | 3 |
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