| Автор | Murphy, Gregory L. |
| Дата выпуска | 1992 |
| dc.description | When a speaker refers to a third person during a conversation, he or she must choose among a number of possible names (e.g., Jane, Dr. Smith, the President), the exact one chosen depending on the speaker and addressee's relation to that person. The experiments reported in this article investigate the degree to which listeners are sensitive to the social relations expressed in the choice of such a name. The first experiment presented stories that contained ambiguous names (e.g., it had two people who could be called Dr. Smith). The results showed that subjects used the social relationship implied by the name to determine reference. The second experiment showed that people remember the exact name used to refer to a person much more than they remember the exact word referring to an object. Thus, social information in names is picked up by readers and encoded into memory. These results suggest that social information in reference is not a secondary or optional part of language processing. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Taylor & Francis Group |
| Копирайт | Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
| Название | Comprehension and memory of personal reference: The use of social information in language processing |
| Тип | research-article |
| DOI | 10.1080/01638539209544816 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1532-6950 |
| Print ISSN | 0163-853X |
| Журнал | Discourse Processes |
| Том | 15 |
| Первая страница | 337 |
| Последняя страница | 356 |
| Аффилиация | Murphy, Gregory L.; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois |
| Выпуск | 3 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Anderson, J. R. 1974. Verbatim and propositional representation of sentences in immediate and long‐term memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13: 149–162. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Barwise, J. and Perry, I. 1983. Situations and attitudes, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bransford, J. D., Barclay, R. J. and Franks, J. J. 1972. Sentence memory: A constructive versus interpretive approach. Cognitive Psychology, 3: 193–209. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Bransford, J. D. and Franks, J. J. 1971. The abstraction of linguistic ideas. Cognitive Psychology, 2: 331–350. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, R. and Ford, M. 1961. Address in American English. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62: 375–385. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, R. and Gilman, A. 1960. “The pronouns of power and solidarity”. In Style in language, Edited by: Sebeok, T. A. 253–276. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Brown, R. and Gilman, A. 1989. Politeness theory and Shakespeare's major tragedies. Language in Society, 17: 159–212. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. H. and Carlson, T. B. 1982. Hearers and speech acts. Language, 58: 332–373. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. H. and Marshall, C. R. 1981. “Definite reference and mutual knowledge”. In Elements of discourse understanding, Edited by: Joshi, A. K., Webber, B. L. and Sag, I. A. 10–63. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. H. and Schunk, D. F. 1982. Polite responses to polite requests. Cognition, 8: 111–143. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. H. and Sengul, C. J. 1979. In search of referents for nouns and pronouns. Memory & Cognition, 7: 35–41. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. H. and Wilkes‐Gibbs, D. 1986. Referring as a collaborative process. Cognition, 22: 1–39. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Dowty, D. R., WaIl, R. E. and Peters, S. 1981. Introduction to Montague semantics, Dordrecht: D. Reidel. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Ervin‐Tripp, S. 1972. “On sociolinguistic rules: Alternation and co‐occurrence”. In Directions in sociolinguistics: The ethnography of communication, Edited by: Gumperz, J. J. and Hymes, D. 213–250. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Garnham, A. and Oakhill, J. 1987. Interpreting elliptical verb phrases. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39A: 611–627. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gibbs, R. W. 1981. Memory for requests in conversation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20: 630–640. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gibbs, R. W. 1986. What makes some indirect speech acts conventional?. Journal of Memory and Language, 25: 181–196. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gibbs, R. W. 1990. Comprehending figurative referential descriptions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 16: 56–66. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gibbs, R. W. and Nagaoka, A. 1985. Getting the hang of American slang: Studies on understanding and remembering slang metaphors. Language and Speech, 28: 182–194. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goffman, E. 1959. The presentation of self in everyday life, Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Goffman, E. 1967. “On face‐work: An analysis of ritual elements in social interaction”. In Interaction ritual: Essays on face‐to‐face behavior, 5–45. New York: Pantheon. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Grice, H. P. 1975. “Logic and conversation”. In Syntax and semantics: Vol. 3. Speech acts, Edited by: Cole, P. and Morgan, J. Vol. 3, 41–58. New York: Academic. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Harder, P. and Kock, C. 1976. The theory of presupposition failure, Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hays, W. L. 1973. Statistics for the social sciences , (2nd ed.), New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hill, J. H. and Hill, K. C. 1978. Honorific usage in modem Náhuatl: The expression of social distance and respect in the Náhuatl of the Malinche. Language, 54: 123–155. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Isaacs, E. A. and Clark, H. H. 1987. References in conversation between experts and novices. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116: 26–37. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jarvella, R. J. 1971. Syntactic processing of connected speech. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 10: 409–416. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson‐Laird, P. N. and Stevenson, R. 1970. Memory for syntax. Nature, 227: 412 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Jonz, J. G. 1975. Situated address in the United States Marine Corps. Anthropological Linguistics, 17: 68–77. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Keenan, J. M., MacWhinney, B. and Mayhew, D. 1977. Pragmatics in memory: A study of natural conversation. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16: 549–560. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | MacWhinney, B., Keenan, J. M. and Reinke, P. 1982. The role of arousal in memory for conversation. Memory & Cognition, 10: 308–317. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Murphy, G. L. 1985. Processes of understanding anaphora. Journal of Memory and Language, 24: 290–303. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Murphy, G. L. 1988. Personal reference in English. Language in Society, 17: 317–349. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Paulston, C. B. 1976. Pronouns of address in Swedish: Social class semantics and a changing system. Language in Society, 5: 359–386. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sachs, J. S. 1967. Recognition memory for syntactic and semantic aspects of connected discourse. Perception & Psychophysics, 2: 437–442. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sachs, J. S. 1974. Memory in reading and listening to discourse. Memory & Cognition, 2: 95–100. |
