Мобильная версия

Доступно журналов:

3 288

Доступно статей:

3 891 637

 

Скрыть метаданые

Автор Millis, Keith K.
Автор Barker, Gregory P.
Дата выпуска 1996
dc.description Three experiments examined answer selection within the framework of a psychological model of question answering proposed by Graesser and Franklin (1990). The model, called QUEST, specifies how knowledge structures are searched during question answering. In Experiment 1, participants provided “goodness of answer” ratings to “why”‐, “how”‐, and “what is the consequence” (CONS) questions about recently read expository passages. Participants rated answers to questions generated from QUEST (i.e., “legal” answers) as being better answers than those not generated by QUEST (i.e., “illegal” answers). A priming‐recognition task (Experiment 2) and a lexical decision task (Experiment 3) were used to examine whether both legal and illegal answers were activated during the search process or only the legal answers. Participants recognized statements and provided lexical decisions more quickly if the targets represented legal answers to a preceding prime question than if they represented illegal answers, suggesting that the search progressed primarily along legal arcs. However, this pattern only occurred for why‐questions, and not for how‐ and CONS‐questions. The studies provided additional support for QUEST'S arc‐search procedures associated with why‐ and how‐questions in the context of natural expository texts.
Формат application.pdf
Издатель Taylor & Francis Group
Копирайт Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Название Answering questions about expository texts
Тип research-article
DOI 10.1080/01638539609544949
Electronic ISSN 1532-6950
Print ISSN 0163-853X
Журнал Discourse Processes
Том 21
Первая страница 57
Последняя страница 84
Аффилиация Millis, Keith K.; Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University
Аффилиация Barker, Gregory P.; Northern Illinois University
Выпуск 1
Библиографическая ссылка Anderson, J.R. 1983. The architecture of cognition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Библиографическая ссылка Balota, D. A. and Chumbley, J.I. 1984. Are lexical decisions a good measure of lexical access? The role of word frequency in the neglected decision stage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10: 340–357.
Библиографическая ссылка Dyer, M.G. 1983. In‐depth understanding: A computer model of integrated processing for narrative comprehension, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Библиографическая ссылка Gernsbacher, M.A. 1990. Language comprehension as structure building, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Библиографическая ссылка Golding, J.M., Graesser, A.C. and Millis, K.K. 1990. What makes a good answer to a question?: Testing a psychological model of question answering in the context of narrative text. Discourse Processes, 13: 305–325.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C. 1981. Prose comprehension beyond the word, New York: Springer‐Verlag.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C. and Clark, L.F. 1985. Structures and procedures of implicit knowledge, Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C., Gordon, S.E. and Brainerd, L.E. 1992. QUEST: A model of question answering. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 23: 733–745.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C. and Franklin, S.P. 1990. QUEST: A cognitive model of question answering. Discourse Processes, 13: 270–304.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C. and Hemphill, D. 1991. Question answering in the context of scientific mechanisms. Journal of Memory and Language, 30: 186–209.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C., Lang, K. and Roberts, R. 1991. Question answering in the context of stories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120: 254–277.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C., Roberts, R.M. and Hackett‐Renner, C. 1990. Question answering in the context of telephone surveys, business interactions, and interviews. Special Issue: Psychological research on question answering and question asking. Discourse Processes, 13: 327–348.
Библиографическая ссылка Graesser, A.C., Singer, M. and Trabasso, T. 1994. Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological Review, 101: 371–395.
Библиографическая ссылка Hastie, R. 1983. Social inference. Annual Review of Psychology, 34: 511–542.
Библиографическая ссылка Keenan, J.M., Potts, G.R., Golding, J. and Jennings, T.M. 1990. “Which elaborative inferences are drawn during reading? A question of methodologies”. In Comprehension processes in reading, Edited by: Balota, D.A., Flores d'Arcais, G.B. and Rayner, K. 377–402. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Библиографическая ссылка Lehnert, W.G. 1977. Human and computational question answering. Cognitive Science, 1: 47–73.
Библиографическая ссылка Lehnert, W.G., Dyer, M.G., Johnson, P.N., Yang, C.J. and Harley, S. 1983. BORIS: An experiment in in‐depth understanding of narratives. Artificial Intelligence, 20: 15–62.
Библиографическая ссылка Long, D.L., Golding, J.M. and Graesser, A.C. 1992. A test of the on‐line status of goal‐related inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 31: 634–647.
Библиографическая ссылка McKoon, G. and Ratcliff, R. 1986. Automatic activation of episodic information in a semantic memory task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12: 108–115.
Библиографическая ссылка Millis, K.K., Golding, J.M. and Barker, G. 1995. Causal connectives increase inference generation. Discourse Processes, 20: 29–49.
Библиографическая ссылка Millis, K.K. and Graesser, A.C. 1994. The time‐course of constructing knowledge‐based inferences for scientific texts. Journal of Memory and Language, 33: 583–599.
Библиографическая ссылка Reder, L.M. 1987. Strategy selection in question answering. Cognitive Psychology, 19: 90–138.
Библиографическая ссылка Robertson, S.P. 1994. TSUNAMI: Simultaneous understanding, answering and memory interaction for questions. Cognitive Science, 18: 51–85.
Библиографическая ссылка Robertson, S.P., Weber, K., Ullman, J.D. and Mehta, A. 1993. Parallel question parsing and memory retrieval. Journal of Memory and Language, 32: 155–168.
Библиографическая ссылка Schank, R.C. and Abelson, R. 1977. Scripts, plans, goals, and understanding, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Библиографическая ссылка Singer, M. 1982. “Answering questions from text: A process model”. In Discourse Processing, Edited by: Flammer, A. and Kintsch, W. Amsterdam: North‐Holland.
Библиографическая ссылка Singer, M. 1984. Toward a model of question answering: Yes‐No questions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 10: 285–297.
Библиографическая ссылка Singer, M. 1985. “Mental processes of question answering”. In The Psychology of Questions, Edited by: Graesser, A.C. and Black, J.B. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Библиографическая ссылка Singer, M. 1986. Answering wh‐ questions about sentences and text. Journal of Memory and Language, 25: 238–254.
Библиографическая ссылка Singer, M., Graesser, A.C. and Trabasso, T. 1994. Minimal or global inference during reading. Journal of Memory and Language, 33: 421–441.
Библиографическая ссылка Smith, M.C., MacLeod, C.M., Bain, J.D. and Hoppe, R.B. 1989. Lexical decision as an indirect test of memory: Repetition priming and list‐wide priming as a function of type of encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, Cognition, 15: 1109–1118.
Библиографическая ссылка Stanovich, K.E. and West, R.F. 1979. Mechanisms of sentence context effects in reading: Automatic activation and conscious attention. Memory & Cognition, 7: 77–85.
Библиографическая ссылка Suh, S. and Trabasso, T. 1993. Inferences during reading: Converging evidence from discourse analysis, talk‐aloud protocols, and recognition priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 32: 279–300.
Библиографическая ссылка Swinney, D.A. 1979. Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re) consideration of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18: 645–659.
Библиографическая ссылка Trabasso, T. and Sperry, L.L. 1985. Causal relatedness and importance of story events. Journal of Memory and Language, 24: 595–611.
Библиографическая ссылка Trabasso, T. and van den Broek, P. 1985. Causal thinking and the representation of narrative events. Journal of Memory and Language, 24: 595–611.
Библиографическая ссылка Tulving, E. 1983. Elements of episodic memory, New York: Oxford University Press.
Библиографическая ссылка van den Broek, P. 1990. “Causal inferences and the comprehension of narrative text”. In The Psychology of Learning and Motivation, Edited by: Graesser, A.C. and Bower, G.H. 175–196. New York: Academic.
Библиографическая ссылка van Dijk, T.A. and Kintsch, W. 1983. Strategies of discourse comprehension, New York: Academic.
Библиографическая ссылка Varnhagen, C.K. 1991. Text relations and recall for expository prose. Discourse Processes, 14: 399–422.

Скрыть метаданые