| Автор | Morrow, Daniel |
| Автор | Leirer, Von |
| Автор | Altieri, Patsy |
| Автор | Fitzsimmons, Colleen |
| Дата выпуска | 1994 |
| dc.description | AbstractWe examined how ageing influences the process of creating spatial models from narratives. After memorising the diagram of a building layout, subjects read narratives that took place in the building. Accessibility of spatial information from the model was probed by interrupting the narrative with an object name and a direction name (e.g. table right). The subjects responded true if the object was in the named direction from the character's current location. Probed objects were in the same room as the character's (location room), in a near room, or a far room. Objects were also to the left/right or ahead/behind the character. Older subjects needed more trials to learn the building and also answered the probes more slowly and less accurately. Both age groups answered location room probes more quickly than the other probes, suggesting that older and younger readers focused on the character when creating the model. However, age differences in response time were greater for true probes about distant objects than for location room probes, suggesting that older readers shifted focus of attention more slowly as they updated their spatial model. |
| Формат | application.pdf |
| Издатель | Taylor & Francis Group |
| Копирайт | Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
| Название | Age differences in creating spatial models from narratives |
| Тип | research-article |
| DOI | 10.1080/01690969408402116 |
| Electronic ISSN | 1464-0732 |
| Print ISSN | 0169-0965 |
| Журнал | Language and Cognitive Processes |
| Том | 9 |
| Первая страница | 203 |
| Последняя страница | 220 |
| Аффилиация | Morrow, Daniel; Decision Systems |
| Аффилиация | Leirer, Von; Decision Systems |
| Аффилиация | Altieri, Patsy; Decision Systems |
| Аффилиация | Fitzsimmons, Colleen; Decision Systems |
| Выпуск | 2 |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Arbuckle, T., Cooney, R. M. and Milne, J. 1991. Adult age differences in learning house layouts in relation to schema access and visual-spatial ability. Unpublished manuscript, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Buhler, K. 1982. “The deictic field of language and deictic words”. In Speech, place, and action, Edited by: Jarvella, R. J. and Klein, W. 9–30. New York: John Wiley.. In (eds), pp. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Chatman, S. 1978. Story and discourse., Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Clark, H. 1973. “Space, time, semantics, and the child”. In Cognitive development and the acquisition of language, Edited by: Moore, T. 27–63. New York: Academic Press.. In (Ed.), pp. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Daneman, M. and Carpenter, P. 1980. Individual differences in working memory and reading.. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19: 450–466. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Denis, M. 1982. Imaging while reading text: A study of individual differences.. Memory and Cognition, 10: 540–545. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Franklin, N. and Tversky, B. 1990. Searching imagined environments.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119: 63–76. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Franklin, N., Tversky, B. and Coon, V. 1992. Switching points of view in spatial mental models.. Memory and Cognition, 20: 507–518. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Garnham, A. 1989. A unified theory of the meaning of some spatial relational terms.. Cognition, 31: 45–60. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glenberg, A. and Langston, W. 1992. Comprehension of illustrated text: Pictures help to build mental models.. Journal of Memory and Language, 31: 129–151. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Glenberg, A., Meyer, M. and Lindem, K. 1987. Mental models contribute to foregrounding during text comprehension.. Journal of Memory and Language, 26: 69–83. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Gray Wilson, S., Rinck, M., McNamara, T., Bower, G. and Morrow, D. 1993. Mental models and narrative comprehension: Some qualifications.. Journal of Memory and Language, 32: 141–154. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Hess, T. 1990. “Aging and schematic influences on memory”. In Aging and cognition: Knowledge organization and utilization., Edited by: Hess, T. Amsterdam: North-Holland.. In (Ed.) |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Johnson-Laird, P. 1983. Mental models., Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Light, L. and Albertson, S. 1988. “Comprehension of pragmatic implications in young and older adults”. In Language, memory and aging., Edited by: Light, L. and Burke, D. New York: Cambridge University Press.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Light, L. and Capps, J. 1986. Comprehension of pronouns in young and older adults.. Developmental Psychology, 22: 580–585. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Mani, K. and Johnson-Laird, P. 1982. The mental representation of spatial descriptions.. Memory and Cognition, 10: 181–187. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Meyer, B. 1987. “Reading comprehension and aging”. In Annual review of gerontology and geriatrics., Edited by: Schaie, W. New York: Springer.. In (Ed.) |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D. 1993. “Spatial models created from text”. In Naturalistic text comprehension., Edited by: van Oostendorp, H. and Zwaan, R. A. New York: Ablex.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D. and Clark, H. H. 1988. Interpreting words in spatial descriptions.. Language and Cognitive Processes, 3: 275–291. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D., Greenspan, S. and Bower, G. 1987. Accessibility and situation models in narrative comprehension.. Journal of Memory and Language, 26: 165–187. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D., Bower, G. and Greenspan, S. 1989. Updating situation models during comprehension.. Journal of Memory and Language, 28: 292–312. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D. G., Leirer, V. and Altieri, P. 1992. Aging, expertise, and narrative processing.. Psychology and Aging, 7: 376–388. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Morrow, D. G., Leirer, V., Fitzsimmons, C. and Altieri, P. When expertise reduces age differences in performance.. Psychology and Aging., (in press). |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Pylyshyn, Z. 1981. The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge.. Psychological Review, 87: 16–45. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Radvansky, G., Gerard, L., Zacks, R. and Hasher, L. 1990. Younger and older adults' use of mental models as representations for text materials.. Psychology and Aging, 5: 209–214. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Salthouse, T. 1985. “Speed of behavior and its implications for cognition”. In Handbook of the psychology of aging, , 2nd edn, Edited by: Birren, J. and Schaie, K. 400–426. New York: Van Nostrand.. In (eds), pp. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Salthouse, T., Mitchell, D., Skovronek, E. and Babcock, R. 1989. Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial abilities.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15: 507–516. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Salthouse, T., Babcock, R., Skovronek, E., Mitchell, D. and Palmon, R. 1990. Age and experience effects in spatial visualization.. Developmental Psychology, 26: 128–136. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sanford, A. and Garrod, S. 1981. Understanding written language., Chichester: John Wiley.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Segal, E., Duchan, J. and Scott, P. 1991. The role of interclausal connectives in narrative structuring: Evidence from adults' interpretations of simple stories.. Discourse Processes, 14: 73–86. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Sweller, J., Chandler, P., Tierney, P. and Cooper, M. 1990. Cognitive load and selective attention as factors in the structuring of technical material.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119: 176–192. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | van Dijk, T. and Kintsch, W. 1983. Strategies of discourse comprehension., New York: Academic Press.. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Wingfield, A. and Stine, E. 1991. “Expert systems in nature: Spoken language processing and adult aging”. In Bridging paradigms: Positive development in adulthood and cognitive aging, Edited by: Sinnott, J. and Cavanaugh, J. 237–258. New York: Praeger.. In (eds), pp. |
| Библиографическая ссылка | Winograd, E. and Simon, E. 1980. “Visual memory and imagery in the aged”. In New directions in memory and aging research, Edited by: Poon, L. and Fozard, J. 485–506. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.. In (eds), pp. |
