Автор |
Bauer, Patricia J. |
Автор |
Hertsgaard, Louise A. |
Автор |
Dow, Gina Annunziato |
Дата выпуска |
1994 |
dc.description |
AbstractThe time course of development of the ability to remember specific past events is a matter of considerable curiosity and debate. Traditional and contemporary theories alike suggest that infants are unable to consolidate and stabilise event knowledge for recall after a long time period. In two experiments, we used elicited imitation, a nonverbal analogue to cued verbal recall, to test 21-, 24-, and 29-month-old children's recall of events they had experienced eight months previously. At the time of original exposure some of the events were novel, whereas others depicted activities familiar to 1-year-olds. At the eight-month retention test, performance of the experienced children was compared to that of matched naive controls. In both experiments the experienced children produced a greater number of the novel events; there were no differences between the groups on the familiar events. The results demonstrate long-term recall of specific past events by 1- to 2-year-olds. They thus challenge the suggestion that the absence of memories from infancy and early childhood is attributable to the inability to form memories that are enduring and accessible over time. |
Формат |
application.pdf |
Издатель |
Taylor & Francis Group |
Копирайт |
Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
Название |
After 8 Months have Passed: Long-term Recall of Events by 1- to 2-year-old Children |
Тип |
research-article |
DOI |
10.1080/09658219408258955 |
Electronic ISSN |
1464-0686 |
Print ISSN |
0965-8211 |
Журнал |
Memory |
Том |
2 |
Первая страница |
353 |
Последняя страница |
382 |
Аффилиация |
Bauer, Patricia J.; University of Minnesota; Institute of Child Development, 51 East River Road, University of Minnesota |
Аффилиация |
Hertsgaard, Louise A.; University of Minnesota |
Аффилиация |
Dow, Gina Annunziato; University of Minnesota; Denison University |
Выпуск |
4 |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bachevalier, J. 1990. “Ontogenetic development of habit and memory formation in primates”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 457–477. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bachevalier, J. 1992. “Cortical versus limbic immaturity: Relationship to infantile amnesia”. In Developmental behavioral neuroscience: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology, Edited by: Gunnar, M. R. and Nelson, C. A. Vol. 24, 129–153. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bachevalier, J., Brickson, M. and Hagger, C. 1993. Limbic-dependent recognition memory in monkeys develops early in infancy. Neuroreport, 4: 77–80. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bachevalier, J. and Mishkin, M. 1994. Effects of selective neonatal temporal lobe lesions on visual recognition memory in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience, 14: 2128–2139. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. 1992. Holding it all together: How enabling relations facilitate young children's event recall. Cognitive Development, 7: 1–28. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. Recalling past events: From infancy to early childhood. Annals of Child Development, (in press) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Dow, G. A.A. 1994. Episodic memory in 16- and 20-month-old children: Specifics are generalized, but not forgotten. Developmental Psychology, 30: 403–417. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Fivush, R. 1992. Constructing event representations: Building on a foundation of variation and enabling relations. Cognitive Development, 7: 381–401. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Hertsgaard, L. A. 1993. Increasing steps in recall of events: Factors facilitating immediate and long-term memory in 13.5- and 16.5-month-old children. Child Development, 64: 1204–1223. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J., Hertsgaard, L. A. and Wewerka, S. S. Effects of experience and reminding on long-term recall in infancy: Remembering not to forget. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, (in press) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Mandler, J. M. 1989. One thing follows another: Effects of temporal structure on 1- to 2-year-olds' recall of events. Developmental Psychology, 25: 197–206. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Mandler, J. M. 1992. Putting the horse before the cart: The use of temporal order in recall of events by one-year-old children. Developmental Psychology, 28: 441–452. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Shore, C. M. 1987. Making a memorable event: Effects of familiarity and organization on young children's recall of action sequences. Cognitive Development, 2: 327–338. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Thal, D. J. 1990. Scripts or scraps: Reconsidering the development of sequential understanding. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50: 287–304. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bauer, P. J. and Travis, L. L. 1993. The fabric of an event: Different sources of temporal invariance differentially affect 24-month-olds' recall. Cognitive Development, 8: 319–341. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Bayer, S. A. 1980. Development of the hippocampal region in the rat. I. Neurogenesis examined with <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine autoradiography. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 190: 87–114. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Boyer, M. E., Barron, K. L. and Farrar, M. J. Three-year-olds remember a novel event from 20 months: Evidence for long-term memory in children?. Memory, 2(4) (this issue) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Cohen, N. J. and Squire, L. R. 1980. Preserved learning and retention of pattern analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that. Science, 210: 207–209. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Eckenhoff, M. F. and Rakic, P. 1988. Nature and fate of proliferative cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during the life span of the rhesus monkey. Journal of Neuroscience, 8: 2729–2747. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fenson, L. and Ramsay, D. S. 1980. Decentration and integration of the child's play in the second year. Child Development, 51: 171–178. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fivush, R., Gray, J. T. and Fromhoff, F. A. 1987. Two-year olds talk about the past. Cognitive Development, 2: 393–410. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fivush, R. and Hamond, N. R. 1989. Time and again: Effects of repetition and retention interval on 2 year olds' event recall. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 47: 259–273. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fivush, R. and Hamond, N. R. 1990. “Autobiographical memory across the preschool years: Toward reconceptualizing childhood amnesia”. In Knowing and remembering in young children, Edited by: Fivush, R. and Hudson, J. A. 223–248. New York: Cambridge University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fivush, R., Kuebli, J. and Clubb, P. A. 1992. The structure of events and event representations: A developmental analysis. Child Development, 63: 188–201. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Fraisse, P. 1963. The psychology of time, New York: Harper & Row. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Freud, S. 1963. “Introductory lectures on psycho-analysis”. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Edited by: Strachey, J. Vols. 15–16, London: Hogarth Press. (Original work published 1916–17) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hamond, N. R. and Fivush, R. 1991. Memories of Mickey Mouse: Young children recount their trip to Disneyworld. Cognitive Development, 6: 433–448. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hudson, J. A. 1990. Constructive processing in children's event memory. Developmental Psychology, 26: 180–187. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Hudson, J. A. and Nelson, K. 1986. Repeated encounters of a similar kind: Effects of familiarity on children's autobiographical memory. Cognitive Development, 1: 253–271. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Jackson, A. and Morton, J. 1984. Facilitation of auditory word recognition. Memory and Cognition, 12: 568–574. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mandler, J. M. 1984. “Representation and recall in infancy”. In Infant memory: Its relation to normal and pathological memory in humans and other animals, Edited by: Moscovitch, M. 75–101. New York: Plenum Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mandler, J. M. 1988. How to build a baby: On the development of an accessible representational system. Cognitive Development, 3: 113–136. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mandler, J. M. 1990. “Recall of events by preverbal children”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 485–516. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
McDonough, L. 1991. Infant recall of familiar actions with de-contextualized objects. Poster presented to the Society for Research in Child Development. April1991, Seattle, WA. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
McDonough, L. and Mandler, J. M. Very long-term recall in infants: Infantile amnesia reconsidered. Memory, 2(4) (this issue) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
McDonough, L., Mandler, J. M., McKee, R. D. and Squire, L. R. 1994. What amnesic patients forget that infants remember: The deferred imitation task as a nonverbal measure of declarative memory Manuscript in review |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Meltzoff, A. N. 1985. Immediate and deferred imitation in fourteen- and twenty-four-month-old infants. Child Development, 56: 62–72. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Meltzoff, A. N. 1988a. Infant imitation after a 1-week delay: Long-term memory for novel acts and multiple stimuli. Developmental Psychology, 24: 470–476. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Meltzoff, A. N. 1988b. Infant imitation and memory: Nine-month-olds in immediate and deferred tests. Child Development, 59: 217–225. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Meltzoff, A. N. 1988c. Imitation of televised models by infants. Child Development, 59: 1221–1229. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Meltzoff, A. N. 1990. “The implications of cross-modal matching and imitation for the development of representation and memory in infants”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 1–37. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mishkin, M. and Appenzeller, T. 1987. The anatomy of memory. Scientific American, 256: 80–89. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mishkin, M., Malamut, B. and Bachevalier, J. 1984. “Memories and habits: Two neural systems”. In Neurobiology of learning and memory, Edited by: Lynch, G., McGaugh, L. and Weinberger, N. M. 65–77. New York: Guilford Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Mishkin, M. and Petri, H. L. 1984. “Memories and habits: Some implications for the analysis of learning and retention”. In Neuropsychology of memory, Edited by: Butters, N. and Squire, L. 287–296. New York: Guilford Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Myers, N. A., Clifton, R. K. and Clarkson, M. G. 1987. When they were very young: Almost-threes remember two years ago. Infant Behavior and Development, 10: 123–132. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Myers, N. A., Perris, E. E. and Speaker, C. J. Fifty months of memory: A longitudinal study in early childhood. Memory, 2(4) (this issue) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nadel, L. and Willner, J. 1989. “Some implications of postnatal maturation of the hippocampus”. In The hippocampus: New vistas, Edited by: Chan-Palay, V. and Kohler, C. 17–32. New York: Alan R. Liss. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Neisser, U. 1967. Cognitive psychology, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nelson, K. 1986. Event knowledge: Structure and function in development, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nelson, K. 1988. “The ontogeny of memory for real events”. In Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory, Edited by: Neisser, U. and Winograd, E. 244–276. New York: Cambridge University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nelson, K. 1993. “Events, narratives, memory: What develops?”. In Memory and affect in development: The Minnesota symposia on child psychology, Edited by: Nelson, C. A. Vol. 26, 1–24. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Nelson, K. and Ross, G. 1980. “The generalities and specifics of long-term memory in infants and young children”. In New directions for child development—Children's memory, Edited by: Perlmutter, M. 87–101. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Perris, E. E., Myers, N. A. and Clifton, R. K. 1990. Long-term memory for a single infancy experience. Child Development, 61: 1796–1807. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Piaget, J. 1926. The language and thought of the child, New York: Hartcourt, Brace. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Piaget, J. 1952. The origins of intelligence in children, New York: International Universities Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Piaget, J. 1962. Play, dreams and imitation in childhood, New York: W.W. Norton & Co. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Piaget, J. 1969. The child's conception of time, New York: Ballantine Books. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Pillemer, D. B. and White, S. H. 1989. Childhood events recalled by children and adults. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 21: 297–340. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Price, D. W.W. and Goodman, G. S. 1990. Visiting the wizard: Children's memory for a recurring event. Child Development, 61: 664–680. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Ratner, H. H. 1980. “The role of social context in memory development”. In New directions for child development—Children's memory, Edited by: Perlmutter, M. 49–67. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Roediger, H. L. and Blaxton, T. A. 1987. Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word-fragment completion. Memory and Cognition, 15: 379–388. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S. and Challis, B. H. 1989. “Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account”. In Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving, Edited by: Roediger, H. L. and Craik, F. I.M. 3–41. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rovee-Collier, C. 1990. “The “memory system” of prelinguistic infants”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 517–536. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rovee-Collier, C. K. and Fagen, J. W. 1981. “The retrieval of memory in early infancy”. In Advances in infancy research, Edited by: Lipsitt, L. P. Vol. 1, Norwood, NJ: Ablex. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rovee-Collier, C. K. and Shyi, G. C.W. 1992. “A functional and cognitive analysis of infant long-term retention”. In The development of long-term retention, Edited by: Brainerd, C. J., Howe, M. L. and Reyna, V. F. 3–55. New York: Springer-Verlag. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Schacter, D. L. 1987. Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13: 501–518. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Schacter, D. L. 1990. “Perceptual representation systems and implicit memory”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 543–567. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Schacter, D. L. and Moscovitch, M. 1984. “Infants, amnesics, and dissociable memory systems”. In Infant memory: Its relation to normal and pathological memory in humans and other animals, Edited by: Moscovitch, M. 173–216. New York: Plenum Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Sheffield, E. G. and Hudson, J. A. Reactivation of toddlers' event memory. Memory, 2(4) (this issue) |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Singer, J. M. and Fagen, J. W. 1992. Negative affect, emotional expression, and forgetting in young infants. Developmental Psychology, 28: 48–57. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Slackman, E. A., Hudson, J. A. and Fivush, R. 1986. “Actions, actors, links, and goals: The structure of children's event representations”. In Event knowledge: Structure and function in development, Edited by: Nelson, K. 47–69. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Smith, B. S., Ratner, H. H. and Hobart, C. J. 1987. The role of cueing and organization in children's memory for events. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 4: 1–24. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Spear, N. E. 1978. The processing of memories: Forgetting and retention, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R. 1986. Mechanisms of memory. Science, 232: 1612–1619. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R. 1987. Memory and brain, 152–174. New York: Oxford University Press. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R. 1992. Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychological Review, 99: 195–231. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R., Knowlton, B. and Musen, G. 1993. The structure and organization of memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 44: 453–495. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R. and Zola-Morgan, S. 1991. The medial temporal lobe memory system. Science, 253: 1380–1386. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Squire, L. R., Zola-Morgan, S. and Chen, K. 1988. Human amnesia and animal models of amnesia: Performance of amnesic patients on tests designed for the monkey. Behavioral Neuroscience, 11: 210–221. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Todd, C. M. and Perlmutter, M. 1980. “Reality recalled by preschool children”. In New directions for child development—Children's memory, Edited by: Perlmutter, M. 69–85. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Winograd, E. and Killinger, W. A. Jr. 1983. Relating age at encoding in early childhood to adult recall: Development of flashbulb memories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112: 413–422. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
White, S. H. and Pillemer, D. B. 1979. “Childhood amnesia and the development of a socially accessible memory system”. In Functional disorders of memory, Edited by: Kihlstrom, J. F. and Evans, F. J. 29–73. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Zola-Morgan, S. and Squire, L. R. 1985. Medial temporal lesions in monkeys impair memory in a variety of tasks sensitive to human amnesia. Behavioral Neuroscience, 99: 22–34. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Zola-Morgan, S. and Squire, L. R. 1990a. “Neuropsychological investigations of memory and amnesia: Findings from human and nonhuman primates”. In The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions, Edited by: Diamond, A. 434–456. New York: New York Academy of Science. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Zola-Morgan, S. and Squire, L. R. 1990b. The primate hippocampal formation: Evidence for a time-limited role in memory storage. Science, 250: 288–290. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Zola-Morgan, S. and Squire, L. R. 1993. Neuroanatomy of memory. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16: 547–563. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Zola-Morgan, S., Squire, L. R. and Mishkin, M. 1982. The neuroanatomy of amnesia: Amygdala-hippocampus versus temporal stem. Science, 218: 1337–1339. |