Автор |
Snyman, L.D. |
Автор |
Joubert, H.W. |
Дата выпуска |
1995 |
dc.description |
AbstractThe chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of various utilization forms of grain sorghum residues were investigated. Two grain sorghum cultivars, SNK 3640 (bitter tasting) and Pioneer 8564 (sweet tasting), were used. Each taste type was grown on two soil types, viz. Rensburg and Bainsvlei. The results indicate that energy availability as reflected by the IVDMD, acid detergent fibre (ADF) content, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content, and water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content, seemed to be highest for fresh total plant residues (IVDMD = 53.9%) and for leaves of fresh plant residues (IVDMD = 52.3%). Silage made from fresh total plant residues seemed to be somewhat lower in energy availability (IVDMD = 49.4%), while leaves of frosted plant residues (IVDMD = 44.8%), frosted total plant residues (foggage) (IVDMD = 44.0%), and hay made from fresh total plant residues (IVDMD = 42.4%), seemed to be lowest in energy availability. A high WSC content (18.9%) accompanied with a relatively low NDF content (68.8%) was measured for fresh total plant residues while a relatively low NDF content (67.5%) was also measured for silage. Variation in the IVDMD of grain sorghum residues occurred among taste and soil types. The crude protein (CP) content of leaf material (12.6% for fresh, and 10.6% for frosted, leaves) was higher than the CP content of the various utilization forms of total plant residues which varied between 5.8 and 6.5%. Crude protein quality, as measured by the percentage of nitrogen appearing as non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) and the percentage of nitrogen associated with ADF (ADF‐N), was most favourable for fresh (NPN = 19.1% and ADF‐N = 13.4%) and frosted (NPN = 22.5% and ADF‐N = 12.5%) leaf material. The NPN and ADF‐N values, respectively, varied between 28.4 and 53.7% and between 17.6 and 21.2% for the various utilization forms of total plant residues. Frost had little detrimental influence on the content and quality characteristics of CP. Phosphorus content was highest for fresh (0.20%) and frosted (0.18%) leaf material. Phosphorus values for the various utilization forms of total plant residues varied between 0.10 and 0.12%. Soil type significantly (P<0.05) affected the chemical composition and IVDMD of grain sorghum residues, with Rensburg the more favourable soil type. Fermentation properties of silage reflected a lactic acid type of fermentation, showing grain sorghum residues to be suitable for successful ensiling. The chemical composition and IVDMD of the silage showed that ensiling was a more effective method to preserve fresh grain sorghum residues than it was to preserve it as hay or as foggage. |
Формат |
application.pdf |
Издатель |
Taylor & Francis Group |
Копирайт |
Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC |
Тема |
Digestibility |
Тема |
fermentation |
Тема |
foggage |
Тема |
hay |
Тема |
silage |
Название |
Chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of various utilization forms of grain sorghum residues |
Тип |
research-article |
DOI |
10.1080/10220119.1995.9647878 |
Electronic ISSN |
1727-9380 |
Print ISSN |
1022-0119 |
Журнал |
African Journal of Range & Forage Science |
Том |
12 |
Первая страница |
116 |
Последняя страница |
120 |
Аффилиация |
Snyman, L.D.; Highveld Region Agricultural Development Institute; Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute |
Аффилиация |
Joubert, H.W.; Highveld Region Agricultural Development Institute |
Выпуск |
3 |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Anonymous. 1991. Abstract of agricultural statistics, Pretoria: Directorate of Agricultural and Economic Trends, Department of Agricultural Economics and Marketing. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Brand, AA, Cloete, SWP and Coetzee, J. 1989. Ureumammonisering van koring‐, hawer‐ en garsstrooi en hawerhooi. 1. Laboratoriumondersoek na die invloed van vogpeil, ureumpeil en behandelingsperiode op die chemiese samestelling en in vitro verteerbaarheid. South African Journal of Animal Science, 19: 4–10. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Cilliers, JW and Van der Merwe, HJ. 1993. Relationships between chemical components of veld herbage and in vitro digestibility and estimated intakes of dry matter and digestible dry matter by sheep and cattle. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 43: 151–163. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Clare, NT and Stevenson, AE. 1964. Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. X. Determination of nitrogen in faeces and feeds using an auto analyzer. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 7: 198–204. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Coxworth, E, Kernan, J, Knipfel, J, Thorlacius, O and Crowle, L. 1981. Review: crop residues and forages in western Canada; potential for feed use either with or without chemical or physical processing. Agricultural Environment, 6: 245–256. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
De Brouwer, CHM, Van der Merwe, HJ and Snyman, LD. 1991. A laboratory study of the composition and fermentation of various crop silages. South African Journal of Animal Science, 21: 21–27. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Esterhuyse, CD, Niemand, SD and Meissner, HH. 1991a. Feeding potential of summer grain crop residues for woolled sheep in the south‐eastern Transvaal Highveld. I. Availability of crop residues and sheep mass changes. South African Journal of Animal Science, 21: 144–148. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Esterhuyse, CD, Niemand, SD and Meissner, HH. 1991b. Feeding potential of summer grain crop residues for woolled sheep in the south‐eastern Transvaal Highveld. II. Selection of material and intake. South African Journal of Animal Science, 21: 149–152. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Klopfenstein, T and Owen, FG. 1981. Value and potential use of crop residues and by‐products in dairy rations. Journal of Dairy Science, 64: 1250–1268. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Martin, NP and Wedin, WF. 1974. Effects of fall weathering on yield and composition of grain sorghum stover. Agronomy Journal, 66: 669–672. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
McDonald, P. 1981. The Biochemistry of Silage, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Rohweder, DA, Barnes, RF and Jorgensen, N. The use of chemical analysis to establish hay standards. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Feed Composition, Animal Nutrient Requirements, and Computerization of Diets. July11–161976, Logan. Utah State University. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Snyman, LD, Van der Merwe, HJ and Van Schalkwyk, AP. 1990. Effect of formalin preservation on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and protein properties of maize silage. South African Journal of Animal Science, 20: 118–123. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Snyman, LD. 1991. Nutritive value of maize residues in comparison with Eragrostis curvula hay as feed for sheep. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 34: 213–227. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Snyman, LD. 1993. Effect of exposure on the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility of untreated and formalin treated green chop. Animal Feed Science & Technology, 44: 275–280. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Thomas, JW, Yu, Y, Hillman, D, Huber, JT and Lichtenwalner, R. 1972. Unavailable nitrogen in haylage and hays. Journal of Animal Science, 35: 115 |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Tilley, JMA and Terry, RA. 1963. A two‐stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 18: 104–111. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Van Soest, PJ. 1965. Symposium on factors influencing the voluntary intake of herbage by ruminants: voluntary intake in relation to chemical composition and digestibility. Journal of Animal Science, 24: 834–843. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Ward, JK. 1978. Utilization of corn and grain sorghum residues in beef cow forage systems. Journal of Animal Science, 46: 831–840. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Ward, JK, Perry, LJ, Smith, DH and Schmitz, JT. 1979. Forage composition and utilization of grain sorghum residue by beef cows. Journal of Animal Science, 48: 919–925. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
White, LM, Hartman, GP and Bergman, JW. 1981. In vitro digestibility, crude protein and phosphorus content of straw of winter wheat, spring wheat, barley and oat cultivars in eastern Montana. Agronomy Journal, 73: 117–121. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Wilkins, RJ, Hutchinson, KJ, Wilson, RF and Harris, CE. 1971. The voluntary intake of silage by sheep. I. Interrelationships between silage composition and intake. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 77: 531–537. |
Библиографическая ссылка |
Woolford, MK. 1972. Some aspects of the microbiology and biochemistry of silage making. Herbage Abstracts, 42: 105–111. |