AbstractGars, Lepisosteus spp., and bowfins, Amia calva, have long been viewed by many anglers and managers as harmful to game fishes and recreational angling. Most investigations of these ancient, piscivorous predators have centered on their dietary habits, not on their broader ecological role in aquatic communities. Most management has involved eradicating these fishes rather than using them constructively. It is suggested that managers should view gars and bowfins not merely as nuisances to be destroyed, but as contributors to ecosystem stability and function, to balance among predators and prey, and to more successful angling in the long term.