Both behavioral and pharmacologic treatments have been used to treat the behavioral or non-cognitive symptoms, such as agitation, in Alzheimer's dementia. Use of medications is often based on their use in other dementias and organic mental disorders. The paper reviews the use of both the neuroleptics and the non-neuroleptics. Based on the possible neurobiological basis of behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's dementia, the pharmacologic actions of medications, the associated clinical symptomatology, and the specific neural network dysfunction as determined by neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing, a possible pharmacologic treatment strategy will be described.