This article describes a differential validity study of a 40-item Likert Type self-report measure of self-esteem, the Self-Esteem Rating Scale. A regression analysis was performed with the criterion variable being scores on Hudson's Index of Self-Esteem. Analyses of data on 369 responses to this assessment scale suggest that scores on the Self-Esteem Rating Scale interact with level of depression and that they may interact with gender. These results suggest that interpretations of scores on this scale must be made within the context of a client's level of depression and, perhaps, their gender. Implications of these results for future research and for practice are discussed.